Transcript EGYPT * Gift of the Nile

EGYPT –
GIFT OF THE NILE
POWERDRAW
 You are being asked to start a new city on a newly discovered
continent. This continent has many physical features. Use
some of the features below to draw the perfect location for
your new city. Draw some of these features around it. Be as
specific as possible.
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River
Ocean
Lake
Mountains
Hills
Plains
Desert
Coast
Forest
WHY WAS THE NILE IMPORTANT?
1. Provided water
2. Yearly floods deposited
silt, nutrient rich rocks,
sand, and soil, into the
farmland
3. Useful for transportation
and trade
EGYPT
 Upper Egypt
 Southern part of Egypt
 From first cataract (waterfalls) of Nile north to within 100
miles of the Mediterranean
 Lower Egypt
 Delta Region where Nile River empties into Mediterranean
 Around 3100 B.C. - King Menes (Upper Egypt)
united Egypt
 Nile used for travel between the regions
 First united state
EGYPTIAN DYNASTIES
 The Early Period
 Old Kingdom (2700 BC - 2200 BC)
 First Intermediate Period
 Middle Kingdom (2050 BC - 1800 BC)
 Second Intermediate Period
 New Kingdom (1500 BC - 1100 BC)
 Third Intermediate Period
 Persians/Greeks/Romans
ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF…
Please read pgs. 112-118 and list three accomplishments from
each kingdom.
OLD KINGDOM
1. Lower and Upper
Egypt were unified
2. Kings were viewed
as gods in human
form
3. Built with stone
rather than mud
4. Built the pyramids
5. Egypt was secure
and prosperous
MIDDLE KINGDOM
1. Egypt expands into
Nubia and Fertile
Crescent
2. Rise of a middle class
3. Middle class could own
land
4. Took prisoners of war
as slaves
5. Increased trade in
other regions
6. Military innovations
under the Hyksos
NEW KINGDOM
1. Mastered new military
technology
2. Recruited a standing
army
3. Egypt expands into
Nubia and Fertile
Crescent again
4. Amenhotep promotes
monotheism
5. Polytheism restored
POWERWRITE
 Answer the following prompt in at least 100 words using only
your imagination…
“How were the pyramids built?”
 Be creative!
 Also, be realistic!
 Issues to address:
 How did they carry 20,000 pound stones from the quarry to the site?
 How did they stack these stones hundreds of feet in the air?
 How did they get the stones to stay in place?
EGYPTIAN POWER
STRUCTURE
Kings (Pharaohs)
 Around 3100 B.C. – Kingdoms unite
 Kings claimed to be divine – part God
 Absolute power
 Organized strong, centralized state
 Kings would rule in a series of dynasties
 Dynasty – series of rulers from the
same family
 31 different dynasties throughout
around 3000 years
Vizier
 Pharaoh’s right hand man and main
administrator
EGYPTIAN SOCIAL STRUCTURE
Pharaoh
High Priests
Nobles
Merchants, Scribes, Artisans
Peasant Farmers
ROLE OF WOMEN
 Could inherit property, enter business deals,
buy and sell goods, go to court, enter priesthood,
work outside of home and obtain a divorce
 Few women could read or write
 Excluded from becoming scribes or holding
government jobs
 Queen Hatshepsut
 Pharaoh from 1479–1458 B.C.
 Nefertiti
 Wife of Amenhotep ( 1353–1336 BC)
 Cleopatra
 Last pharaoh before the Romans conquered Egypt
EARLY DEVELOPMENTS
 Papyrus
 Used to build roofs, boats, baskets, and PAPER
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cD_Yopn5c70
 Hieroglyphics
 Written language of Egypt
 Oldest examples of early hieroglyphics
date to between 4000-3200 B.C.
 How do we know what they say?
 Rosetta Stone
 Hieroglyphics
 Demotic Script
 Ancient Greek
HIEROGLYPHICS
DEMOTIC SCRIPT
EGYPTIAN ORIGIN MY TH
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uTy49Jlg
JZE
CREATION MY TH
 Get in groups of 2-3 students.
 Forget everything you know about religion/history/science.
 Create your own CREATION MY TH explaining how our world,
and ourselves were created. Be sure to include:
 At least 5 gods who played a part in the process
 An explanation of how different elements of the earth were created
 An explanation of how/why people were created
EGYPTIAN GODS
 Atum – Creator god
 Shu - god of air
 Tefnut - goddess of moisture
 Geb – god of earth
 Nut – goddess of the sky
 Osiris – King of Earth – then King of underworld
 Isis – Queen of Earth
 Horus – Killed Seth
 Pharaohs were the living embodiment of Horus
 Seth – god of chaos - killed Osiris
 Nephthys – goddess of death
 Anubis – god of embalming
 Other gods:
 Amun – King of the gods
 Ra – Sun god
 Amun-Ra – combination of the two
 Thoth – god of writing and knowledge
 Hapy – god of the flood
 Maat – god of truth, justice, and order