Transcript Ch2 Sec2- Egyptian Civilization

Mr. Gleason
Cambridge-South Dor. Cambridge, MD
A View of Egypt by Satellite
Begins in the
middle of Africa
and extends
north for 4,100
miles
Mediterranean Sea
Delta = Lower
Egypt
Place where important cities
developed
Red Sea
The Fertile Nile Valley
The River rose in the Summer
and reached its highest point in
September and October
Blessed with natural barriersdeserts, Mediterranean Sea, Red
Sea, Rapids on the Nile
Once water receded, black mud was
left that was rich and fertile
“BLACK LAND”
The Annual Flooding of the Nile
“The Miracle”
Nile Irrigation-the Shaduf
The shaduf, the water-lifting device allowing
farmers to irrigate canals during the dry
summer.
A Noria, buckets attached to a waterwheel. Another
device to lift water.
They constructed a network of irrigation systems
that directed water onto different parts of land to
saturate the land.
Click on me: http://www.historyforkids.org/crafts/egypt/shaduf.htm
Ancient Egyptian History
Periods
Time Frame
Nile Culture Begins
Archaic
Old Kingdom
Middle Kingdom
New Kingdom
3900 B. C. E.
3100 – 2650 B. C. E.
2650 – 2134 B. C. E.
2040 – 1640 B. C. E.
1550 – 1070 B. C. E.
Late Period
Greek Ptolemaic Era
750 – 332 B. C. E.
332 – 30 B. C. E.
Roman Period
30 B. C. E. – 395 C. E.
Menes:
Unifier of Upper & Lower Egypt
For a long time, Menes was considered to be as imaginary as the Gods. Some
historians believe that the Sphinx was a monument dedicated to Menes.
c. 3050 B. C. E. ?
Archeologists
found Menes
wearing the
crown of
Upper and
Lower Egypt.
Dynasty – family of rulers whose right
to rule is passed on within the family.
Menes: King who
united Upper and
Lower Egypt
creating the first
dynasty
Ancient Egyptian Housing
Middle Class
Homes
Peasant
Homes
Scenes of Ancient Egyptian
Daily Life
Young boys and girls married very
young: Girls-12 ; Boys-14
Monogamy was the general rule,
although a husband could take
another wife if childless
Most careers were closed to women,
but some did operate businesses.
Parents arranged marriages; chief
concern was to produce children
Many love poems have
been excavated and it can
be seen that some
marriages did have the
element of romance.
Making Ancient Egyptian Beer
Beer = Staple
drink; enjoyed by
poor and wealthy
The Bread was made, lightly baked, torn into pieces, and strained through a sieve with
water. Flavor was added by dates and stored in large jars for fermentation.
Making Beer = Traditionally a woman’s
task made from yeast filled bread
Beer = Offerings to Gods, used as
money for wages, beer given in rations
What action is happening based
on all these hieroglyphics?
What action did the
hieroglyphics
represent?
Making Ancient Egyptian Wine
It also was used as a mild antiseptic , as cough syrup , as an appetite-restorer , for quelling fevers, dressing wounds
, and “releasing a child from the belly of a woman ,” i.e for sedating the woman in birth.
Wine was believed to have divine qualities. Ancient wine was not only made from grapes, but
fruits such as figs, pomegranates, dates, figs, and palm.
Made exclusively for royalty and the elite.
Wine = Considered by many to be a
food and used for medicine
Valuable commodity only used in special occasions
Wine = Offerings to Gods, used as
money for wages, beer given in rations
An Egyptian Woman’s “Must-Haves”
Worn by men and women made
of human hair, plant fiber, and
sheep wool. Some false
beards were worn as well.
Perfume
The scents were extracted by steeping
plants, flowers or wood. The materials
were placed in a piece of cloth which
was wrung until the last drop of fragrance
had been retrieved. Alternatively they
were boiled with oil and water and the oil
skimmed off.
Whigs
Mirror
Egyptian Social Hierarchy
Egyptian Society was
organized like a
pyramid with the godking at the top.
Below the upper class
were merchants,
artisans, scribes, and
tax collectors
Largest number of
people in Egypt
worked the land
Pharaoh was
surrounded by priests
and upper class nobles.
Made exclusively
for royalty and the
elite.
The peasants paid
taxes in the form of
crops to the pharaoh,
nobles, and priests
Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs
-
The boy pharaoh
Restored the old gods
after Akhenaton rule.
Ramses II
1279-1212 B. C. E.
Tutankhamon
1336-1327 B. C. E.
Thutmose III
1504-1450 B. C. E.
-
Nephew of the first women to
become pharaoh (Hatshepsut)
Controlled present day
Palestine, Syria, and Libya
-
Egyptians began attacking other
empires, regained control of Palestine.
An invasion of the “Sea People”
caused his empire to collapse.
Egyptian Nobility & Religion
Many
gods
took on
different
forms
and
different
names.
Most
important
gods were
the sun
gods and
land gods
Story of “Osiris and Isis”
Gods were
associated with
heavenly bodies
and natural forces
Egyptians were
polytheistic- belief
in more than one
god
Egyptian Gods & Goddesses:
“The Sacred ‘Trinity’”
Osiris
Isis
Horus
Hieroglyphics an
advanced form of
writing using pictures
and abstract forms.
Egyptian Scribe
Hieratic
writing was
used for
record keeping
and business
transactions.
Writing emerged
around 3000 B.C.
(hieroglyphics)
“A boy’s ears are on
his back. He listens
only when he is
beaten.”
Hieratic Script- highly
simplified version of
hieroglyphics
Papyrusa paper
made
from reed
that grew
around
the Nile.
Papyrus  Paper
Hieratic Scroll Piece
Papyrus Plant
Egyptian Math & Draftsmenship
1
10 100 1000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000
What number is this?
Champollion & the Rosetta Stone
Rosetta Stone- a
decree that appears
in three separate
texts.
1- Ancient Egyptian
2- Demotic
3- Ancient Greek
Provided the key for
modern
understanding of
hieroglyphics
Hieroglyphic
“Cartouche”
Mr. Ryan Gleason
Hieroglyphics “Alphabet”
24 “letters” + 700 phonetic symbols
http://www.virtualegypt.com/newhtml/glyph/gly
ph.html
Preparations for the Underworld
Brain was removed by
extracting it from the nose.
ANUBIS weighs the dead
person’s heart against a
feather.
Priests protected your
KA, or soul-spirit
Egyptians believed in
two bodies- Physical
and Spiritual.
Liver, lungs, stomach,
and intestines were
placed in special jars.
Materials Used in Mummification
Mummification – a
process of slowly
drying a dead body to
prevent it from
rotting.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Linen
Sawdust
Lichen
Beeswax
Resin
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Natron
Onion
Nile Mud
Linen Pads
Frankinsense
Preparation for
the Afterlife
Body is filled with spices
and wrapped with resin
soaked linens.
Egyptian Mummies
Seti I
1291-1278 B. C. E.
Queen Tiye, wife of
Amenhotep II
Ramses II
1279-1212 B. C. E.
1210-1200 B. C. E.
Click on me: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/egyptians/launch_gms_mummy_maker.shtml
Journey to the Underworld
The dead travel on
the “Solar Bark.”
One must pass through
the Underworld before
they reach the Afterlife.
A boat for the
journey is provided
for a dead pharaoh
in his tomb.
Egyptian Book of the Dead
Book of the
DeadCollection
of Spells to
help the
dead pass
through
the
underworld
http://w
ww.anci
entegypt
.co.uk/m
ummies/
activity/
main.ht
ml
The Final Judgement
Anubis
Horus
Osiris
Shabtis: The Pharaoh’s Servants
in the Afterlife
Used to
be staff
for the
pharaoh’s
afterlife
if called
upon to
do so.
Giza Pyramid Complex
Pyramids- building
dedicated for pharaoh’s
burial.
Great achievements
of Egyptian time,
building of pyramids
during the Old
Kingdom.
Click on me: http://www.eyelid.co.uk/Egyptian_Videos/Great_Pyramids.html
Plan of the Great Pyramid
of Khufu
Extremely precise
Sphinx head- likeness of his son
Great Sphinx guards
the Pyramid
Archaeologist, Howard Carter (1922)
Primary
discoverer
of King Tut
From
London,
England
Best
preserved
and most
intact
tomb
Entrance to King “Tut’s” Tomb
King Tutankhamon’s Death Mask
1336-1327 B. C. E.
King Tutankhamon
King Tutankhamun’s Tomb
Treasures From Tut’s Tomb
The Ankh – The “Cross” of Life
Ankhenaton: First Monotheist?
1352-1336 B. C. E.
Queen
Nefertiti
Celebrated
Monotheism,
Aten Sun
God
Known for a
Religious
Revolution
Ruled
briefly
after her
husbands
death.
Made
Famous for
her bust