Transcript Egyptian and Carthaginian Exploration

Egyptian and Carthaginian
Exploration
© Christopher Chase-Dunn and Thomas Hall (2008)
Egyptian Exploration
(2000s BCE)
South along Nile
Imperialist drive
Harkhuf (ca 2220 BCE)
Travel into Nubia (Khartoum)
Commercial expeditions across Red Sea
(15th c BCE)
Amenemhet III (r.1831-1786 BCE)
Hatshepsut (r. 1503-1480 BCE)
The Expansion of
Egypt
Punt
Extremely early references
Unclear location Arabian Peninsula?
Africa?
References from at least 25th c BCE
(4-5th Dynasty)
Fabled? Land of plenty…
Land of Punt
Canal of the Pharaohs
History and archaeology are muddled
Necho (r. 610-595 BCE)
Darius I (550-486 BCE)
Ptolemy II (r. 283-246 BCE)
Canal of the Pharaohs
Nile Delta with Wadi
Tumilat
CARTHAGINIAN
EXPLORATION
Phoenician Trade Routes
Phoenician Trade Goods
Hanno the Navigator
Commissioned by Egyptian Pharaoh
Necho II (6th c BCE) to circumnavigate
Africa? (Herodotus)
Repopulate/found African colonies
Elephants, crocodiles, volcano, gorillas?
Hanno’s Voyage?
Sun always
on their right,
to the North
of them”
Herodotus,
IV, 44
The Phoenicia
Warm and Cold Ocean
Currents
Himilco (ca 5th c BCE)
Explorations into North Atlantic
Sea monsters
Seaweed
Sargasso Sea?
Mid-Atlantic region, well-known
Canaries
Azores?
Persian Exploration
Sataspes (479-465 BCE)
Forced to circumnavigate Africa as a
punishment
Went south from pillars, to a land
where “small people dressed in palm
leaves”
not