Transcript Egypt Study Guide

Egypt Study Guide
Vocabulary
• Delta – the lowlands formed by the silt left at
the mouth of a river
• Silt – the rich fertile soil left behind on the
land from floodwaters
• Inundation – one of the three seasons in Egypt
– when the Nile River floods the land
• Canals – channels dug into the land to carry
and help control the floodwaters
Vocabulary
• Pharaoh – the ruler of Egypt who controlled
all of the land and all of the people
• Hieroglyphics – Egyptian writing
• Papyrus – a paperlike material made from
reeds
• Pyramid – a tomb for ancient Egyptian rulers
• Obelisks -
Obelisks
• Egyptian Obelisks
What is an obelisk and what is its purpose?
Obelisk Definition: An obelisk is a
monumental tapering column carved from a
single block of stone, with a square crosssection and capped with a pointed top called
a pyramidion. Obelisks were set in pairs, at
the entrances of temples, and to some Old
Kingdom tombs and closely related to the
cult of the Sun God Ra also known as Atum.
Obelisks symbolized the stability and the
creative force of Atum. Obelisks were
believed to act as magical protection to the
monuments such as temples and tombs.
Obelisk of Hatshepsut
Obelisk at Karnak
Hatshepsut
• The only woman in Egypt to rule as pharaoh
Amenhotep IV
• Ruled during the New Kingdom and
introduced Egyptians to the single God, Aton
Alexander The Great
• Greek ruler who conquered the Persian
Empire and gained control of Egypt. He was
undefeated in battle and created of one of the
largest empires in history stretching from the
Mediterranean to the Himalaya.
Problems with the waters from the
Nile River
• Too much water on the land
• Too little water on the land
What are some solutions?
Solutions for too much water
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Divert water away from farmland
Build reservoirs for holding water
Build dams and dikes for controlling the water
Can you think of any more?
Now, which is the best solution, and why?
Solutions for too little water
•
•
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•
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Dance a rain dance
Dig wells
Build water storage sites
Irrigate with Nile river water
Can you think of any more?
Now, which is the best solution and why?
Achievements and changes during
Egyptian History
• Old Kingdom
– Started a colony in Lower Nubia to get resources
there
– Traders were sent farther south in Africa
– Technology to construct the pyramids
– Development of mummification
Achievements and changes during
Egyptian History
• Middle Kingdom
– Conquered all of Nubia
– Expanded Egyptian trade
– Change in society – rights
that had once been for
pharaohs alone were now
for all Egyptians
– Changes in government –
pharaoh appointed
governors for the nomes.
This gave paraohs more
control
• New Kingdom
– First woman ruler Hatshepsut
– Egypt’s first full-time army
began
– Egyptian Empire grew to
largest size
– Worship focused on one
god – the Aton
– Used hidden tombs to bury
pharaohs
Egyptian Hierarchy – Status in society
Pharaoh
Priests and
Nobles
Craftworkers,
merchants, scribes
Farmers
Slaves
Study for your test!
Don’t forget to look at your book
notes, papers, maps, and sites on
the wiki!
Credits
• http://www.pushindaisies.com/candypress/sc
ripts/prodView.asp?idproduct=513
• http://www.bibleufo.com/ancconstobelegy.ht
m
• http://www.rainbowcrystal.com/atext/egypt1
2.html
• http://achanjati.wordpress.com/category/ame
nhotep-iv/page/3/
• http://gardenofpraise.com/ibdalex.htm