Transcript Egypt PPT
Egyptian Civ • A second center of civilization emerged along the Nile River in N. Africa around 3000 B.C.E. • Egyptian civ. benefited from trade and tech. influence of Mesopotamia, but produced a very different society and culture. • Less open to invasion, Egypt retained a unified state for most of its history. • The pharaoh wielded immense power, and appointed viziers to administer govt throughout the land. A View of Egypt by Satellite The Fertile Nile Valley The Annual Flooding of the Nile Nile Irrigation-the Shaduf Ancient Egyptian History Periods Time Frame Nile Culture Begins Archaic Old Kingdom Middle Kingdom New Kingdom 3900 B. C. E. 3100 – 2650 B. C. E. 2650 – 2134 B. C. E. 2040 – 1640 B. C. E. 1550 – 1070 B. C. E. Late Period Greek Ptolemaic Era Roman Period 750 – 332 B. C. E. 332 – 30 B. C. E. 30 B. C. E. – 395 C. E. Menes: Unifier of Upper & Lower Egypt c. 3050 B. C. E. ? Ancient Egyptian Housing Middle Class Homes Peasant Homes Scenes of Ancient Egyptian Daily Life An Egyptian Woman’s “MustHaves” Mirror Perfume Wigs Egyptian Social Hierarchy Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs Tutankham on 1336-1327 B. C.E. Thutmose III 1504-1450 B. C. E. Ramses II 1279-1212 B. C. E. Egyptian Nobility Egyptian Priestly Class Egyptian Scribe Papyrus Paper Scroll Piece Papyrus Plant Egyptian Math 1 10 100 1000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 What number is this? Champollion & the Rosetta Stone, 1799 Hieroglyphic “Cartouche” Hieroglyphics “Alphabet” 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic symbols Egyptian Gods & Goddesses: “The Sacred ‘Trinity’” Osiris Horus Isis Preparations for the Underworld Priests protected your KA, or soulspirit Materials Used in Mummification 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Linen Sawdust Lichen Beeswax Resin 6. Natron 7. Onion 8. Nile Mud 9. Linen Pads 10. Frankinsense Preparation for the Afterlife Egyptian Mummies Seti I 1291-1278 B. C. E. Queen Tiye, wife of Amenhotep II Ramses II 1279-1212 B. C. E. Journey to the Underworld A boat for the journey is provided for a dead pharaoh in his tomb. Egyptian Book of the Dead The Final Judgement Anubis Osiris Horus Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara Giza Pyramid Complex Plan of the Great Pyramid of Khufu Archaeologist, Howard Carter (1922) Entrance to King “Tut’s” Tomb King Tutankhamon’s Death Mask 1336-1327 B. C. E. King Tutankhamon King Tutankhamun’s Tomb Treasures From Tut’s Tomb The Valley of the Queens 1473-1458 B. C. E. Temple of Queen Hatshepsut Ankhenaton: First Monotheist? 1352-1336 B. C. E. Queen Nefertiti Abu Simbel: Monument to Ramses II 1279-1213 B. C. E. Legacy of Egyptians • Egyptian mathematics produced the idea of a 24 hour day. • Trade linked Egypt to Mediterranean islands like Crete, south of Greece. • The Greeks studied Egyptian mathematics and art. • Images from: Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY, http://www.pptpalooza.net/