Transcript Mesopotamia
Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents” The Ancient Fertile Crescent Area The Middle East: “The Cradle of Civilization” Sumerians Sumerian Religion - Polytheistic Enki Appeasement of the gods Innana Ziggurat at Ur Monumental Architecture = a hallmark of “civilization” Mesopotamian Trade “The Cuneiform World” Technology Cuneiform: “Wedge-Shaped” Writing Cuneiform Writing Sumerian Cylinder Seals Gilgamesh: The First Literature The Royal Standard of Ur Circa 2600 BCE Mesopotamian Harp Board Game From Ur Sophisticated Metallurgy Skills at Ur Sargon of Akkad: “The World’s First Empire” [Akkadians] The Babylonian Empires Hammurabi’s [r. 1792-1750 B. C. E.] Code Hammurabi, the Judge Important Facts •Difficult geography for farming – unpredictable rivers •Open geography led to invasions •Open geography led to trade and exchange of ideas •FIRSTS: agriculture, Writing, wheel, cities, base60 counting , literature A View of Egypt by Satellite The Fertile Nile Valley The Annual Flooding of the Nile Nile Irrigation-the Shaduf Menes: Unifier of Upper & Lower Egypt c. 3050 B. C. E. ? Scenes of Ancient Egyptian Daily Life Making Ancient Egyptian Beer Egyptian Social Hierarchy Egyptian Priestly Class Egyptian Scribe Papyrus Paper Hieratic Scroll Piece Papyrus Plant Hieroglyphics “Alphabet” 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic symbols Materials Used in Mummification 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Linen Sawdust Lichen Beeswax Resin 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Natron Onion Nile Mud Linen Pads Frankinsense Preparation for the Afterlife Egyptian Mummies Seti I 1291-1278 B. C. E. Queen Tiye, wife of Amenhotep II 1210-1200 B. C. E. Ramses II 1279-1212 B. C. E. Egyptian Book of the Dead The Final Judgement Anubis Horus Osiris Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara Giza Pyramid Complex Important Facts • Calm environment and protected geography = better view of afterlife and gods • Also allows Egypt to unify under 1 government • Trade and exchange occurred south to Nubia and East to Mesopotamia