Transcript Class Session 4

Egypt
THE NILE
• Agricultural
Nation
• Land Values
• Transportation
Mesopotamia
Egypt
• Flooding irregular • Flooding predictable
& destructive
& beneficial
• No natural borders • Natural borders of
against enemies
sea & desert
• Rulers of different
nationalities
• Pessimistic
• Mostly a dynastic
succession
• Optimistic
• Gods cold & cruel • Gods good &
& not to be trusted
benevolent
Problems in Studying
Egyptian Chronology
• Lack of a fixed system of reckoning years
• Lack of any objective Egyptian Historians
• Astronomical Dating Methods
• Translating the Hieroglyphics
Pyramid
era
Dynasties
11-12
1991 - 1786
Era of the
biblical
patriarchs
New
Kingdom
Dynasties
18-20
1587 - 1085
Era of
Moses
and the
Exodus
3rd Intermediate Period
2686 – 2181
Middle
Kingdom
2nd Intermediate Period
Dynasties
3-6
1st Intermediate Period
Archaic Period
Old
Kingdom
Lower
Egypt
Red
Crown
Upper
Egypt
White
Crown
Narmer Pallet
also known as
Pharaoh Menes
3000 B.C.
Unification of Egypt
Old Kingdom
2666 - 2161 B.C.
Mastaba
Step Pyramid
of Djoser
Step Pyramid
of Djoser
Bent Pyramid of Snefru
Great Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops)
Pyramids
• Served as
tombs
• More than
a hundred
in Egypt
• All on the
west bank
of the Nile
First Intermediate Period
2181 - 1991 B.C.
• Entrance of Bedouins
• Advent of Pessimistic Literature
Middle Kingdom
1991 - 1786 B.C.
First Intermediate Period
2181 - 1991 B.C.
• Entrance of Bedouins
11th Dynasty
Goshen
Suspicions against Israelites
• Foreigners
• Shepherds
• Goshen
• Religious differences
Amenemhet III
• Irrigation System
• Record height of
Nile
2nd Intermediate Period
1786 - 1567 B.C.
• Heka Khasewt (“Chieftans of
a foreign hill country”)
• Hyksos (“Rulers of Countries”)
• Semitic
18th Dynasty
Hyksos
 Thebes
Valley of the Kings
Ahmoses
Amenhotep I
Thutmoses I
Isit
Thutmoses II
Thutmoses III
Merytre
Ames
Hatshepsut
Nefrure
HATSHEPSUT
THUTMOSES III
THUTMOSES III
1450 - 1425 B.C.
Thutmoses IV
1425 - 1417 B.C.
Isit
Thutmoses II
Thutmoses III
Merytre
Hatshepsut
Nefrure
Amenhotep II
(Older Brother)
Thutmoses IV
Amenhotep III
Amenhotep III
Amarna
From the King of Jerusalem
to Amenhotep III
The Habiru are plundering all the
lands of the king. If no troops
come in this very year, then all the
lands of the king are lost.
Amenhotep IV
Akhenaton
Tutankhamum
• Boy-king – 9 years
old
• Changed name
from Tutankhaton
to Tutankhamun
• Return to old
religious system
• Lack of military
strength
Howard
Carter
• 1922
• Valley of
the Kings
Ark
Tabernacle
containing
the organs
of the king
Ay
• Co-regent of Tutankhaum
• Tried to marry Ankhesenamun, widow
of Tutankhamun
• Letter to Suppiluliumas, king of the
Hittites.
My husband, Nibkururia has recently
died and I have no son. But your sons,
they say, are many. If you will send me
a son of yours, he shall become my
husband.
Hittites
Egypt
Horemheb
1348-1320 B.C.
19th Dynasty
Rameses I
Seti
Rameses II
Hittites
 Kadesh
Rameses II
Egypt
Rameses II & the Hittites
Merneptah
Merneptah
Stele
Sea Peoples
Rameses III
Rameses III
Solomon
Shishak