Transcript Chapter One

Chapter One
Egypt
•Geography
http://www.carnegiemuseums.org/cmnh/exhibits/egypt/images/nilemap.gif
Lower Egypt:
--near delta and Mediterranean
Sea
Upper Egypt:
--south, just above Nubia
•The Nile:
a river society
the annual summer inundation
(--stopped because of Aswan Dam)
the east: the land of the living
the west: the land of the dead
http://www.deltatoursegypt.com/hotels/egypt_map.jpg
•Religion
Polytheism
http://www.crystalinks.com/isis.html
Re: the sun god → resurrection
http://www.crystalinks.com/ra.html
• Re was the old solar-god from
Heliopolis and a mayor deity all
over Egypt. He was travelling
over the sky in his boat every day
with his life-giving sundisc. He
stood for life, rebirth, children,
health, virility etc.
• http://www.nemo.nu/ibisportal/0egyptintro/1egypt/index.htm
Patrolling the sky
In the
underworld
http://www.crystalinks.com/ra.html
Osiris: king of the dead
http://www.nemo.nu/ibisportal/0egyptintro/1egypt/index.htm
• Osiris ruled the world of men in the
beginning, after Ra had abandoned the
world to rule the skies, but he was
murdered by his brother Seth. Through the
magic of Isis, he was made to live again.
Being the first person to die, he
subsequently became lord of the dead. His
death was avenged by his son Horus, who
defeated Seth and cast him out into the
desert to the West of Egypt.
http://www.crystalinks.com/osiris.html
Isis: mother goddess
http://www.nemo.nu/ibisportal/0egyptintro/1egypt/index.htm
• Isis is the feminine
archetype for creation the goddess of fertility
and motherhood.
• http://www.crystalinks.com/isis.html
http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/EGYPT/EGYPT.HTM
http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/jo/egypt/isis.htm
Horus: the falcon god
http://www.nemo.nu/ibisportal/0egyptintro/1egypt/index.htm
• When Horus reached manhood, a fratricidal war
began between Horus and his uncle Seth. The
violent fight, where Horus lost one eye, last until
the assembly of the gods decided to intervene to
declare that the throne was the rightful
inheritance of Horus. Moreover, Seth was forced
to restore Horus‘ eye. But to honor the memory
of Osiris, Horus offered the recovered eye to his
father, and covered his wound with the divine
serpent, Uraeus. That is why this sacred serpent
was considered the emblem of the Egyptian
pharaohs.
http://www.cyberspaceorbit.com/phikent/horus/horus.html
Horus→ sky god; god of Egypt
http://www.crystalinks.com/horus.html
The Eye of Horus
http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/jo/egypt/horus.htm
http://www.crystalinks.com/ra.html
http://www.internal.schools.net.au/edu/lesson_ideas/egypt/src/mockup/images/ra_sm
all.jpg
Court in the Underworld
http://www.nemo.nu/ibisportal/0egyptintro/1egypt/index.htm
•Politics
Timeline
• Early Dynastic: c. 3100-2700 BCE
• Old Kingdom: c. 2700-2150 BCE
• Middle Kingdom: c. 2050-1785 BCE
• New Kingdom: c.1575-1085 BCE
(Fiero 24)
Theocracy
• Monarch = god or god’s
representative
• Pharaoh = god-king
Hatshepsut (ca. 1500-1447 B.C.E.)
http://www.msjc.edu/art/djohnson/images/a
rt%20101%20images/chapter%202/hatshe
psut.jpg
http://sangha.net/messengers/hatshe
psut/images.htm
http://sangha.net/messengers/hatshepsut/images.htm
Hatshepsut
• A woman pharaoh
• Matriarch
• Co-ruler with Thumosis III
for 22 years.
Hatshepsut
http://faculty.evansville.edu/rl29/art105/img/
hatshepsut_temple.jpg
http://www.mykreeve.net/egypt/luxor/hatshe
psut_temple/
http://www.crystalinks.com/hatshepsuttemple.gif
Akhenaten
(ca. 1353-1336 B.C.E.)
http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/saqqara/imag
es/Saqqara/Profiles/Akhenaten.jpg
http://www.egyptarchive.co.uk/html/cairo_
museum_33.html
Akhenaten
• The revolutionary / heretic
→ monotheism
→Worshiped the sun-god Aten.
• He moved the capital from
Memphis to Achenaton (now elAmarna).
Queen Nefertiti
http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/EGYPT/EG
YPT.HTM
http://www.horus.ics.org.eg/en/History/
Nefertiti.aspx
Queen Nefertiti
• Famous bust discovered in
1912
• Body identified in 2003?
http://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/nefertiti/history/history.html
Tutankhamon
http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Stud
ies/Egypt_GIFS/King_11537.gif
http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/EGYP
T/EGYPT.HTM
http://www.tourism.egnet.net/culture/images/25u179.jpg
http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/e/images/egypt_tut.wife.thron.lg.jpg
Tutankhamon
• (ca. 1336-1326 B.C.E.)
• Restored the god Amon and its
priesthood.
• Died at 18.
• Tomb discovered in 1922.
Cleopatra (69-30 B.C.E.)
http://www.ccds.charlotte.nc.us/History/
Egypt/05/monzolevskaya/LondonCleop
atra-of-Egypt-----Coin.jpg
http://www.tigerx.com/history/people/cle
opatra.jpg
http://www.fieldmuseum.org/cleopatra/photos/ptolemaic_th.gif
•Culture
Pyramids
• For what purposes were
they built?
• How were they constructed?
• How long did it take to build
one?
The Step Pyramid
http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/arth/zoser/16.gif
mastabas
top: exterior view
bottom: cross section
revealing
(A) the shaft and
(B) the burial chamber
http://www.thefreedictionary.co
m/_/viewer.aspx?path=hm&na
me=A4mastab
http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/EGYPT/EGYPT.HTM
Pyramids at Giza
http://www.msjc.edu/art/djohnson/art101/101lecture4.html
http://library.thinkquest.org/J001533/media/Pyramid.gif
http://www.mediaworkshop.org/humanities/burke/giza-pyramid.jpg
• The most impressive
pyramid, that of Cheops (or
Khufu), took 100,000
people working over a
twenty year period.
• http://www.communityhigh.org/old/pyramids/index.htmlth
eories.html
• When Napoleon invaded
Egypt in 1798, his pride was
expressed through his famous
quote: “Soldiers! From the top
of these Pyramids, 40
centuries are looking at us.”
• http://ce.eng.usf.edu/pharos/wonders/pyramid.html
The Sphinx
http://ce.eng.usf.edu/pharos/Cairo/Gallery/sphinx.jpg
http://eawc.evansville.edu/www/egpage.htm
Valley of the Kings, Thebes
http://www.egyptology-bg.com/images/exp0045.jpg
•Modern Day
Pyramids
Louvre Museum, Paris
http://www.neumanngroup.com/pics/louvre_pyramid.jpg
Las Vegas
http://nichirenscoffeehouse.net/Vegas/Luxor_03.jpg
•Art
Canon of Proportion
• "Egyptians artists used this method to
keep figures in proportion. They divided a
sheet of papyrus into nineteen rows of
squares. Then they drew the figure using
the first three rows of squares for the area
between the forehead and the neck, the
next for the shoulder to the knee, and the
last six for the lower limbs and feet."
•
http://www.historylink101.com/lessons/art_history_lessons/egypt_art2.htm
http://www.netserves.com/moca/lectures/skuzegyp.htm
http://www.historylink101.com/lessons/art_history_lessons/egypt_main2.htm
Nefertari Making
Offering to Isis
1279-1212 BC
http://www.mystudios.com/art/ancient/egyptian/egypt-nefertarioffering.html
Characteristics
• Naturalistic or idealized?
• How are the figures posed?
• What about the figures’ age?
http://www.angelo.edu/faculty/rprestia/1301/images/IN038Amra.jpg
http://www.netserves.com/moca/lectures/skuzegyp.htm
Papyrus → “paper”
http://www.utexas.edu/courses/medweb/images/9907200018.jpg
http://antique.mrugala.net/Egypte/Images/Papyrus%20-%20recolte.jpg
Some Links:
• http://www.faculty.sbc.edu/lrainville/SBC/c
urr_303_art.html
• http://www.netserves.com/moca/lectures/s
kuzegyp.htm
• http://www.nemo.nu/ibisportal/0egyptintro/
•The End