Transcript Egypt - Silver Creek Central School

Egypt:
Study of a Great River Civilization
Unit 5
“The Gift of the Nile”
KWL Chart
Create a KWL chart in your notes. Please
organize into 3 columns.
First, fill in 5 things you THINK you know
about Egypt.
Next, fill in in 5 things you’d like to learn
about ancient Egypt.
Essential Questions
1.
How did the geography of the Nile region effect how the
Egyptians lived?
2.
Why was the Nile important to the Ancient Egyptians?
3.
How is your life better because of the Egyptians?
4.
What made the Egyptians a great civilization?
5.
Who were some of the greatest leaders of ancient Egypt and
how did they contribute to the success of Egypt?
6.
What was daily life like for the Egyptians?
Why We remember
We know about the lives of the ancient Egyptians
from the artifacts that archeologists have found. From
the writings they left behind, we understand more
about their civilization. Writings from other
civilizations also tell us about the ancient Egyptians.
From the enormous stone structures they built, we are
reminded that the ancient Egyptians were there. The
ancient Egyptians influenced the lives of many
cultures and civilizations all over the world- then and
now. How do you think that the people in the
future will interpret our civilization?
Reading a Timeline
3000 BCE
Djoser reigned
sometime between
2630-2611 BCE
2500 BCE
Khufu reigned
sometime
between 25752465 BCE
2000 BCE
1500 BCE
Queen
Hatshepsut
reigned 14981483 BCE
1000 BCE
King Tut reigned
1333-1324 BCE
500 BCE
Ramesses II
reigned 12791213 BCE
What is the range shown on this timeline?
Who is the oldest Pharaoh shown on this timeline?
Who is the newest Pharaoh shown on this timeline?
How many years were there between the end of Khufu’s reign
and the beginning of King Tut’s reign?
How long did Hatshepsut rule?
Interpreting a Primary Source
“I will lead the army on water and on land, to
bring back marvels from God’s-land.”
Probably said by Queen Hatshepsut
of Egypt c. 1570 BCE
Hatshepsut was Pharaoh from
1498-1483 B.C.E.
First woman crowned Pharaoh
Many damaged buildings were
restored and beautiful new
temples were built
“God’s-land” referred to Punt,
the African coast
Hatshepsut sent expeditions
there to bring back goods.
This painting shows Nubians
bringing goods to Egypt
You are There!
You’ve been chosen to work on an excavation site in Egypt in
northwestern Africa. Your experiences from previous units sure
have paid off. Now your going to a place where early Egyptian
civilization began about 7,000 years ago. Flying overhead the
Nile River looks like a long, winding snake. The banks of the Nile
are lined with palm trees and crops. However, the green quickly
disappears into a sea of sand and stones. The desert, or what the
ancient Egyptians called the Red Land, covers more than 90% of
Egypt. You wonder if you’ll make an amazing discovery that will
reveal more about life in ancient Egypt. When your plane lands
at the airport in Cairo, modern Egypt’s capital city, you are
prepared for the adventure ahead.
Nile Delta
Sinai Peninsula
Libyan Desert
Transitional PageArabian Desert
Nubian Desert
Nile Delta From Space
Use the handouts from class to answer some basic
questions about the geography of ancient Egypt.
Egyptian geography Task Rotation
Mastery
Self-expressive
CLOZE Sentences- Create 15 sentences
with 1 or 2 key terms left out. The
sentences should list key information
learned in the Memory box, movie,
human map, or the question/answer
sheets. Include an answer key with the
appropriate answers from the unit.
Make a POSTER -Create an acrostic
poem poster shown on the next two
slide. You must use the words, “The
Nile” as the basis for the poster. You
need to include a picture or graphic as
well as a specific fact that begins with
that letter.
Understanding
Interpersonal
Explain- In a well written essay,
Dear Diary- Write a narrative entry as
explain how the Nile River was
if you were keeping a diary or journal
important to the Egyptians. Make sure of your daily life as an Egyptian living
to explain 2-3 IMPORTANT reasons
on the Nile River. Your journal must
and explain each in detail with 2-3
contain 3 entries to tell about your
Reds. You must include a Green Topic daily experiences as well as the
sentence and a green conclusion.
importance of the river to your daily
life. You may also describe all the
natural wonders that you see. Include
drawings or sketches as well.
A Picture Says 1000 Words
•
•
•
Make an acrostic poem poster that shows why the Nile
River was important to the ancient Egyptians. Use the terms
“THE NILE” for your seven (7) sentences. Each sentence
must be accompanied by a picture.
Make sure you clearly identify reasons that the Nile was
important and use facts from the memory box, the movie,
and the handout. Plan these in your notebook. Remember
that meaningful pictures are more important than artistic
ability.
Make sure to include a catchy title.
Gifts from the Nile
T= Transportation on the
Nile allowed the
Egyptians to get goods
and to communicate
throughout the empire
H= Having the Nile
allowed them to put fish
in their bellies!
Riverboat Tour of Egypt
The 700 mile cruise!
If someone from another country were going to
visit the United States, what THREE places
should he or she visit to learn about the
accomplishments of our most important and
greatest political leaders?
We will begin visiting Key locations in Egypt
to learn about some of the most famous
political leaders of ANCIENT EGYPT and
learn about their accomplishments!
Knight at the Museum
Hello! Welcome to our tour of the monuments of ancient
Egypt. Today we will see some of the most impressive
accomplishments of ancient Egypt’s kings. Our tour will
be very special, and quite different from most tours.
We will be traveling along the Nile by riverboat.
However, before we begin our tour by riverboat, we
need to stop at the Cairo Museum of Egyptian
Antiquities. At the museum, we will learn about the
role of Egypt’s powerful political leaders-the legendary
pharaohs.
This is the Cairo Museum of Egyptian
Antiquities. It lies within the heart of
Cairo, the modern capital of Egypt.
The museum was built at the beginning
of the 20th century. The entrance to the
museum leads through beautiful
gardens which are filled with statues.
These statues, artifacts from thousands
of years ago, are outside of the
museum, because there is no more
room inside the building. Now, let’s go
inside to learn more about the rule of
ancient Egypt’s earliest kings.
The Palette of Narmer
Itinerary for the Riverboat tour
Now, lets look at a map of some of
the places we are going to visit. We
will be traveling to sites from each
of ancient Egypt’s three main
periods of history: The Old
Kingdom, the Middle Kingdom, and
the New Kingdom.
Stop 1- Pyramids at Giza
Khafre’s
Khufu’s
Welcome to Giza, the first stop on our
riverboat tour. We have crossed the Nile
River and landed just southwest of Cairo.
Giza lies on a plateau, and rising high
above this land are the three ancient
monuments that dominate the region.
They are the pyramids of the pharaohs
Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure. Khufu’s
pyramid is the largest and most famous.
Called, “The Great Pyramid,” it is more
than 450 feet tall and covers 13 acres of
land. It took more than 2,300,000 separate
blocks of yellow limestone to build it. The
pyramids of Khafre, one of Khufu’s sons
actually seems taller, but it was built on
higher ground and is at least 3 feet shorter
than Khufu’s. Now lets get off the boat
and learn more about the building of “The
Great Pyramid.”
Stop 2- Saqqara
I hope you were impressed with the
Great Pyramid. We’ve now traveled
farther south along the west bank of
the Nile to Saqqara. We are here on
another plateau in the desert to see
ancient Egypt’s first pyramid, the
Step Pyramid of the Pharaoh
Djoser. This pyramid, which is the
world’s first stone building, was
designed by the pharaoh’s architect
Imhotep. It was built between 26302611 B.C.E. This pyramid was
originally built to be a mastaba, a
low flat structure that was the
common form of a tomb at the time.
However, the architect continued to
design five increasingly smaller
mastabas, one on top of another,
until it reached 200 feet tall. Now
let’s learn more about the reign and
the accomplishments of Djoser.
Stop 3
el- Amarna
I hope you are not too tired from the last stop
on our tour. We’ve now traveled about 150
miles south and crossed over to the east bank
of the Nile to el-Amarna. Many unique and
beautiful temples once stood on this site,
which is surrounded by cliffs on both sides of
the Nile. These temples were built during the
reign of the Pharaoh Akhenaten. One of
ancient Egypt’s most controversial leaders, he
banished the worship of multiple gods during
his rule. He established a city at this site and
made it Egypt’s capital. The city contained
many beautiful buildings with pools and
gardens. Nearby, he built the royal palace,
called the Great Palace, and an open-air
temple dedicated to the single god he
worshiped. Nearly everything at this site was
destroyed by his successors, who
reestablished worship of many gods to Egypt.
They tried to erase all memory of his reign.
Today, only villages like this are all that exist
at this site. Let’s get off the boat and learn
more about the controversial leader,
Akhenaten.
Stop 4
Karnak
We have now traveled 200 miles farther
south along the Nile to Karnak, site of
some of the world’s greatest religious
architectural achievements. Stretched over
more than 200 acres here are temples,
chapels, obelisks, columns, and statues,
built over some 2,000 years. The structure
you see here is the Jubilee Chapel, also
known as the White Chapel. Made of
limestone, it was originally erected during
the reign of Senusret I. The structure
eventually disappeared, but pieces of it
were discovered centuries later, and the
chapel was reconstructed by archeologists.
This chapel is considered a masterpiece of
architecture from the Middle Kingdom.
Now lets learn more about the
accomplishments of Senusret I.
Stop 5
Deir el- Bahri
I hope you enjoyed learning about
Senusret I. Wasn’t the Jubilee Chapel
awesome? We’ve now gone a short
distance directly across the Nile to the
west bank to our next site, Deir elBahri. Located in the center of a
natural bay and surrounded by cliffs,
it contains the temple of the Pharaoh
Hetshepsut, one of Egypt’s few female
rulers. This temple was cut from the
high cliffs that surround it, and it is a
magnificent architectural
achievement. Its design consists of a
walled courtyard that leads to a ramp
and three raised terraces. The temple
complex also contains numerous
pillars, a series of sculptures showing
a sea expedition, and more chapels
and shrines dedicated to various gods.
Now let’s stop and learn more about
Hatshepsut and how Egypt’s economy
grew during her reign
Stop 6
Abu Simbel
Well, its been a long ride. We have
traveled another 300 miles farther
south but we have finally arrived at the
last stop on our tour, Abu Simbel. This
site contains one of the most
spectacular architectural achievements
made by ANY ancient Egyptian ruler:
the temple of Ramesses II. He was a
pharaoh who ruled during the New
Kingdom. He was the most productive
builder of all the great pharaohs. The
temple’s most striking monuments are
the 4 colossal statues that are each
about 65 feet high. That’s taller than a
6- story building. Within the temple is
a hall , measuring more than 58 feet by
54 feet that contains elaborate pillars,
hallways, and sculptures. In 1968, the
temples were removed and rebuilt on
higher ground to make way for the
building of the nearby Aswan High
Dam. This is the last stop and I hope
you enjoyed your tour and learning
about the greatest accomplishments of
some of the greatest rulers in the
history of ancient Egypt
Which Pharaoh you got?
Ancient Egypt had many great leaders. You have just
learned about 6 of them.
In a well written essay, explain which of the 6 was the most
important leader to the history of Egypt. Support your
opinion with 2-3 reasons and back those reasons up with
at lease two pieces of evidence.
In order to create a well written essay, make a formal outline
and keep that in your folder to be handed in with your
resource packet.
Pharaoh Trading cards
Imagine that you own your own trading
card business! You have spent several
weeks traveling in Egypt touring some of
the greatest monuments built by some of
the pharaohs of ancient times. You want to
make some trading cards to sell that show
or depict some of the greatest leaders of
ancient Egypt
Directions
Use what you learned on your tour to create 3 trading cards describing
three of the six Pharaohs that we studied. Each card must include:
1.
A front side with name, kingdom, and dates he/she ruled.
2.
You must choose one pharaoh from each of the time periods. (Old,
Middle, and New)
3.
A well drawn picture to represent that pharaoh
4.
A well written paragraph describing the characteristics of that time
period. (kingdom)
5.
On the back, a well written paragraph to list some of the pharaoh’s major
accomplishments. This should be 4-5 sentences and include proper
transitions.
6.
A separate section listing some fun facts (3) about that pharaoh
7.
Be creative in designing your cards!
Model of Excellence
King Tut
King Tut was very young when he
became Pharaoh. He was only nine
years old and he lived a very short
life. He was murdered when he was
18 years old. One of his major
accomplishments was that he
restored polytheism and the gods
after his father Ahkanaten had
removed them. He also moved the
capital back to Thebes.
The discovery of Tut's tomb gives us a
unique opportunity to explore the life
of King Tut and allows us to learn
more about this essential period in
New Kingdom Egyptian history.
King Tutankhamun
Ruled 1333 BC – 1324 BC
New Kingdom
Fun Facts:
Married his half-sister
Death is a mystery
Began restoring temples at Karnak and Thebes
Nefertiti’s father was his Grand Vizier (Ay).
(right-hand man)
Daily Life in Egypt
“I spy with
my blue
eye…”
The Hittites, Egypt’s Rivals
To spy, or not to spy, that is the question…
You are a spy for the Hittite Empire. You have
been summoned by King Bobby Orr Chestnut.
He is asking you to do your duty for the
empire. You are going to go and “spy” on Egypt
and gather information to help you be best
prepared to conquer them. You will spend
several days there visiting and taking notes that
you will use to create a spy journal to give to
your king. The fate of the Hittite Empire rests in
your hands!
GET TO WORK!
First of all, give yourself a secret spy name that comes
from the street you live on and the first name a your
favorite athlete, movie star, or rock star.
Next, Read each of the 12 handouts and fill in the
answer sheets with the 3-4 most important pieces of
information found on the sheets. I will let you know
how many facts are to be taken from each section
Keep all the information in the folder given to you by your
king. Your facts will be graded! We will do the first one
together.
Adorning the Body
A 1,500-year-old wall painting shows three Egyptian women at a banquet
wearing cones of scented animal fat. The heat would melt the cones,
sending cooling rivers of scent trickling through their hair and down
their bodies.
Burial Practices
This scene shows what occurs after a person
has died, according to the ancient Egyptians.
Crafts and Trade
Craftsmen in ancient Egypt were usually trained and skilled
laborers. They were often well-respected in the community
and had a comfortable lifestyle.
Domestic Life
Family was very important to
Ancient Egyptians. Many love
poems have been found that
are very similar to a modern
idea of love.
Food and Drink
Ancient Egyptians put all their work in farming. People may not
realize this but animals are an important part of farming. This is
why ancient Egyptians kept goats, pigs, ducks, and cows.
Housing
The brickmaker had one of the more menial occupations in ancient Egypt.
To make bricks, Nile mud was mixed with sand, straw and water, slapped
into wooden moulds and then slapped out onto the ground to dry in the
sun. Bricks were used extensively in ancient Egypt for building everything
from peasants' homes to the pharaoh's palaces
Medicine
Egyptian doctors were highly respected in
the ancient world,
Doctors had their own hierarchy there were
ordinary doctors, senior doctors, masters of
physicians and the Chief of Physicians of
the South and the North. Royal and palace
doctors had special hierarchy and titles.
Music and Dance
#9-Religious Beliefs
The entire civilization of Ancient Egypt was based on religion, and their beliefs were
important to them. Their belief in the rebirth after death became their driving force
behind their funeral practices.
Social Classes
Warfare
Ramesses II (The Great), from a painted Relief at Abu Simbel
Writing and Education
The ability to read and write was considered a very important skill
because if you could read and write you could have a well paid job, and
respect of your fellow countrymen.
Guidelines for creating an illustrated Spy Journal
Imagine that you are a spy for the Hittite Empire in 1350
BCE. You have spent several weeks spying on 12
aspects of daily life in Egypt. You want to describe
your most remarkable discoveries to your king, Bobby
Orr Chestnut to help him decide whether or not to
conquer Egypt.
Role – Hittite spy
Audience- King Bobby Orr Chestnut, Hittites
Format- Illustrated spy journal ( pictures- hand drawn!)
Topic- 6 aspects of Egyptian daily life
Guidelines for creating an illustrated Spy Journal
An appropriate title
Focus on your audience ( King and fellow Hittites) to teach them about
Egyptian daily life
Journal’s first entry needs to be an introduction of:
Your name, age, occupation, and why you are writing this journal
Include 6 entries of daily life features. Date each entry (made up) and
describe what you see about the daily life that is important. (3 facts you
learned from the sheet)
Each entry must include an intro. Paragraph explaining how you “spied” this
information
Each page also must include a hand drawn illustration of what you were seeing
(“ snapshot”)
Use transition words to indicate that there are 3 facts included
2
Egyptian Warfare
March 29th, 1350
BCE
Today while standing in the marketplace, I saw some soldiers ride by on
their chariots. To learn more about the power of the Egyptian army, I
followed them to the battlefield. First of all, Egypt had a full-time army
that was stationed throughout Egypt. They used swords, shields, javelins
and chariots in their battles. Finally during peacetime they performed
other jobs such as digging canals and building tombs.
Elements
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