Transcript ANCIENT EGYPT NOTESx

Ancient Egypt
3900 BC – 1069 AD
How did geography
affect the
Egyptians?
Egypt - Geography
Located in the
northeast corner of
Africa, Egypt grew
to be an important
civilization.
Based on Ancient
Egyptians, the
civilization was
made up of two
areas of land – the
“redlands” and the
“blacklands”.
The “Redlands”
The “redlands”
referred to the desert
areas that surrounded
both sides of the Nile
River. The “redlands”
provided a natural
barrier to invasion.
The “Blacklands”
The area around the
Nile River was
known as the
“blacklands”. The
Ancient Egyptians
considered the
Nile the lifeline of
Egypt.
The land around the Nile
River was extremely
fertile. The Ancient
Egyptians became
skilled farmers.
The Egyptians divided
their year into 3
seasons based off of
the Nile River.
► Season 1 – The
Flooding Season
(June-September) –
No farming was done
► Season 2 – The
Growing Season
(October-February) –
The land was
ploughed and seeded
► Season 3 – The
Harvesting Season
(March-May) – The
crops were harvested
The Ancient Egyptians
became successful
farmers. They were
so successful that
they produced a
surplus of food.
Why would a surplus of
food be important?
1. They could store food
for later use.
2. They could trade for
other goods.
3. Not all Egyptians had
to be farmers.
Sentence Synthesis
Use two of the following words in one
sentence:
redlands
fertile
blacklands
Nile River
farming
invasion
*Your sentence must show meaning!
Pharaoh or Emperor –
Is there really a
difference?
Egypt - Political
► Ancient
Egypt was
originally divided into
two kingdoms: Upper
Egypt and Lower
Egypt.
► These 2 regions were
united by Menes in
3000 BC.
► A pharaoh, Egyptian
leader, was known as
the “Lord of Two
Lands”.
Egyptian Social Structure
►
The Pharaoh was believed by the
Egyptians to be the supreme ruler chosen
by the gods to lead the people.
►
They believed that when a person became
a pharaoh, he/she also became a god.
►
To keep the bloodline of the gods pure,
pharaohs often married within their
families (siblings, cousins).
Tutankhamun
(King Tut)
Ramesses II
Nefertiti
Cleopatra
pharaoh
Definition:
Egyptian leader
Examples:
King Tut
Ramesses II
Category:
Political
One-Sentence Summary
One thing that I found interesting is . . .
Pharaoh Headdress
Directions
Index Card
1. Name of Pharaoh
2. Birth Year – Death Year
3. List of 5 Facts about the Pharaoh
4. Grade Your Pharaoh – Based on
government decisions and cultural
achievements, give your pharaoh a grade
and explain why you graded him/her that
way.
Correctly Colored Headdress (Blue, Yellow –
No Marker; No Pencil)
Spelling & Grammar
Neatness
did they do to
a dead body?
&
Egypt - Religion
►
The Ancient Egyptians
were polytheistic. They
worshipped over 2000 gods
and goddesses.
►
According to the religion,
pharaohs were living gods.
Ra
►Main
god of the
Ancient Egyptians.
►Sun
god
Horus
►Sky
God
►Also,
responsible
for the welfare of
the pharaohs
Anubis
► God
of the Dead
► Later
believed to be
the Gate Keeper of the
Underworld
► They
thought that
when you died, Anubis
would weigh your soul
against a feather to
determine your fate in
the afterlife.
Osiris
►God
of the Dead
►Replaced
Anubis
during the Middle
Kingdom of Egypt
Life after Death
•
•
•
•
The ancient Egyptians believed in an afterlife
of beauty, peace, and contentment.
Since most of their lives were filled with
hard work, they looked forward to death as a
release from this lifetime.
They believed their souls would need to use
their bodies again, so the Egyptians invented
a process to embalm their bodies called
mummification.
Wealthy could afford better mummification
than the poor
Mummification
•
The mummification
process showed
excessive respect for the
Dead.
•
The priest in charge of
the mummification wore
the mask of Anubis.
•
It took 70 days to
complete the
mummification process.
Steps of Mummification
Step #1 – Body is washed and covered in oils. Various
organs, including the brain, were removed. Some of
the organs were placed in canopic jars. These jars
would later be placed in the coffin. The heart was not
removed, because it was considered the “home of the
soul”.
• Step #2 – The body was wrapped in either linen or
rough cotton strips and a sticky tar-like mixture was
poured over the cloth strips.
• Step #3 - When the mixture hardened, the mummy
was placed in a sarcophagus, which was carved and
painted to resemble a person.
• Step #4 - Then the mummy was laid in its tomb, along
with objects the Egyptians thought would be needed
for daily use in the next lifetime, such as tools,
jewelry, furniture, religious statues, and food.
•
Pyramids
►
Ancient Egyptians built pyramids
to hold the royal tombs of their
kings.
►
Originally Egyptians believed that
the pharaohs would go to the sky
to live with Ra in the afterlife.
Therefore, they built the
pyramids as “steps” to the sky.
►
The tombs were designed to
protect the buried Pharaoh's body
and his belongings. Pyramids
were full of treasures.
►
Hieroglyphics were used on the
inside walls to tell about events
in the pharaoh’s life.
One-Sentence Summary
A _________________ is a . . .
mummification
Definition:
Egyptian process
of preserving the
body after death
Category:
Cultural
canopic jars
Definition:
Jars where organs were
placed during
mummification; jars
were later placed in the
sarcophagus
Category:
Cultural
sarcophagus
Definition:
Last box that
protected the
Egyptian coffin
Category:
Cultural
pyramid
Definition:
Tomb for the
pharaohs
Category:
Cultural
Examples:
Great Pyramid of
Giza
Pyramid Directions
Color (No Marker; No Pencil Light Brown)
Paragraphs & Age (3-5
sentences) on Each Pyramid
Side (4 Paragraphs)
Spelling & Grammar
Neatness
What cultural achievements
occurred in the …
Old
New
Middle
Kingdom? Kingdom? Kingdom?
Egypt - Cultural
► Egypt's
ancient history
covers a huge block of
time. Archaeologists
noticed something very
interesting. They realized
that much of Egypt's
ancient history could be
divided into three big
blocks of time: The Old
Kingdom, The Middle
Kingdom, and The New
Kingdom.
Egypt - Cultural
►
Old Kingdom (2700 BC-2150 BC)
 Hieroglyphics and religion
develop in Egypt
 Pyramids built
►
Middle Kingdom (2040 BC-1786
BC)
 Belief in afterlife expands to
include common people
 Tombs instead of pyramids
(better protection for mummies)
►
New Kingdom (1570 BC-1075 BC)
 Militaristic – Israelites enslaved
 Expansion
 Mummification perfected
Hieroglyphics
►
Over 5000 years ago, the
ancient Egyptians wrote
things down using a picture
writing called hieroglyphics.
The people who did the
actual writing were called
scribes.
►
Hundreds of years later,
archaeologists discovered
beautiful hieroglyphic
writing on the walls of
ancient Egyptian pyramids
and tombs.
Papyrus
►
When the Egyptians began to write, they wrote from the
beginning in ink and on papyrus.
►
Papyrus is a plant that grows wild all over the Nile River
area.
►
The Egyptians cut the long stalks and soaked them in water.
They then laid a lot of these stalks next to each other. They
then put other stalks on top, crossways to the first ones and
pounded them flat.
hieroglyphics
Definition:
Picture writing
used by the
Egyptians
Category:
Cultural
papyrus
Definition:
Plant located in the
Nile River area that
was used to form a
type of paper
Category:
Geography
1-Minute Pause
►1
minute to think about the following:
 1 thing that you learned
 1 thing that you were interested in
Hieroglyphics
Dictionary Directions
Title Page – Decorated
Five Egyptian Words Written in
Hieroglyphics (1 word for each page)
English Word Written in Parentheses
Definition
Picture Related to Word
Spelling & Grammar
Size
Colored (No Marker; No Pencil)
Neatness
List – Group – Label
Make 5 columns on your paper. Label the
columns: Geography, Economic, Political,
Cultural, and Religion.
Papyrus
Pharaoh
Pyramids
Hieroglyphics
Mummification
Blacklands
Ra
Redlands
Growing Crops
Anubis
Cleopatra
King Tut
List – Group – Label
Geography
Economic
Redlands
Growing Crops
Blacklands
Papyrus
Political
Cultural
Religion
Pharaoh
Pyramids
Ra
Cleopatra
Hieroglyphics
Anubis
King Tut
Mummification