Transcript What is Weather.

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Vocabulary
Troposphere
stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Meteorology
Greenhouse effect
Ionosphere
Greenhouse gases
Temperature inversion
Weather
Typhoon
Hurricane
Tornado
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Climate
Ozone
Insolation
Wind chill factor
Humidity
Dew point
fog
Cloud
Dew
Frost
Barometer
Frost bite
Beaufort scale
What is Weather.
 Weather
 Meteorology
 Is the State of the atmosphere at a
given Time and Place.
 Includes types of clouds
 Rain, snow etc. – Precipitation
 Storms even dust storms
 Measure of temps pressure, wind
speed, direction and amount of
moisture in the air.
 Study of the entire atmosphere.
Including the weather.
 Also the study of how the
atmosphere heats and cools
 How clouds form and produce rain
 What makes the wind blow.
 Past and Present climates.
 Composition of the atmosphere and
 Atmosphere of other planets.
 Venus
 Tools of
 Many , instruments have been
meteorology
developed. i.e.. Thermometer
 Lab experiments. Mathematical
models of the atmosphere and
use of computers and satellites.
 Most useful  Simple direct observation. Tells a
lot. Cloudy-rainy cool: Clearwarmer and dry. Even humidity
and pressure can be observed.
 Clouds
 Certain clouds come with weather
and others foretell rain.
 What professions would benefit
from weather forecasting???
 People who
look at the
weather.
 Farmers/Sailors and others
dependent on weather become
skilled at forecasting the
weather.
 Mackerel scales and mares tails
make lofty ships carry low sails.
 A cloud formation predicts the
coming of a storm.
 Red in the morning better take
warning: red at night take
delight.
Weather Models and Scales
 Models and
Scales
 Beaufort
Scale
 Help Scientist accuratly predict
the weather.
 Relates the wind speed to its
effects on land and sea. Pg478
blk text.
 Wind Chill
Scale
 The use of this chart can help convert
the actual temperature outside to the
temp the body would feel if exposed to
the air and wind. Pg 479.
 This adjusted temperature indicates
the potential danger of frostbite in the
outside air.
 Frostbite
 Frostbite is, literally, frozen body tissue
- usually skin but sometimes deeper and must be handled carefully to
prevent permanent tissue damage or
loss. Here is an example of frost bit.
There are four degrees
of frostbite.
This is and example of fourth
degree frost bite where only
amputation of the affected area
will save the patient.
The danger of frostbite is real
and needs attention to keep
people safe.
Beaufort scale self cast
Assignment
 Purpose : Learn to use
a Meteorological scale
to help forecast the
weather.
 CB Assignment:
Research a weather
related scale then in 150
words min, explain how it
works. Present your
findings in class. 20 min.
Ex, http://legacywww.swpc.noaa.gov/NOA
Ascales/
In Addition : Honors
only..
Create a scale of your
own using numbers,
descriptions and
pictures for a weather
topic. You can cut out
pics .
Title it at the top in your
comp book The
______scale of ___________.
Composition of atmosphere
 Gasses
 Air and
Water.
 Mixture. Oxygen, Nitrogen make
up 99%of dry air volume.
 1% argon carbon dioxide.
 Others … He, H, neon, ozone and
krypton.
 This air thins out quickly as you
increase altitude.
 Air always contains some water
vapor. Humidity.
 Ozone
 Importance
 Result??
 Cause
 Is a form of oxygen gas. A molecule of
ozone contains three oxygen atoms. A
molecule of oxygen contains only two
oxygen atoms.
 Ozone forms when ultraviolet light rays
from the sun act on the oxygen in the
upper most part of the atmosphere
about 10 to 50 km up.
 It absorbs 99% of the harmful
ultraviolet rays.
 If the atmosphere has less ozone,
more ultraviolet rays reach Earth’s
surface, causing more sunburns, skin
cancer and plant damage.
 Chlorofluorocarbons or (cfc) Combo of
chlorine, fluorine, and carbon. Used in
coolants and foam products
 CFCs break down ozone.
 Ozone
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http://www.youtube.co
m/watch?NR=1&featu
re=endscreen&v=AU0
eNa4GrgU
 Ozone measurements since 1970
show a hole in this protective layer
of gas centered over Antarctica.
Structure of the Earths Atmosphere.
 Video
 Structure
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 Troposphere
 Temperature cools with elevation
all earths clouds and either occurs
here. 0-18 km
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CerJbZ-dm0&feature=related
 Diagram pg #523 Study this
diagram closely.
 Stratosphere
 Mesosphere
 Temp rises with elevation.
Contains ozone layer. Little or no
weather here. 18-50km
 Temp cools with elevation. Air
molecules become ionized. 5080km
 Thermosphere  Temp rises with elevation
meteors and northern lights
happen here. 80-500km
 Special layer of the atmosphere
occurs from 65-500km up.
 Ionosphere
 Northern
lights.
 Ions are formed when uv light from the
sun knock electrons off of oxygen atoms.
 These layers reflect radio waves back to
earth
 Each layer can reflect a different
frequency.
 Affected by solar events.
 Are caused by solar events . The
eruptions of solar energy interact with
Earth’s magnetic fields at the poles.
Together with the air particles thy form
auroras.
Northern Lights.
Layers of the atmosphere
activity.
http://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=Hi3ERes0h84&feature=rel
ated
Green House Effect
 Green house
effect.
Green house
gasses.
 Earth surface radiates inferred heat
waves. These waves are reflected
back by water vapor and carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere.
 In a green house the glass roof acts
like the carbon dioxide and water
vapor in the air. It lets the light in to
heat up the soil but does not let the
inferred waves out.
 Gasses that thicken the atmosphere.
 Water vapor
 C02
 Methane