Transcript An Invitation to Health Chapter 2 Psychological Health

An Invitation to Health
Chapter 2
Psychological Health
Dr. Lana Zinger
©2004 Wadsworth Publishing Co.
Psychological Health
Mental Health
Feelings and moods.
Emotional Health
Our ability to perceive reality
as it is, to respond to its challenges,
and to develop rational strategies
for living.
Spiritual Health
Our ability to identify our basic purpose in life and to
experience the fulfillment of achieving our full potential.
Emotional Health
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Determination and effort to be healthy.
Flexibility and adaptability to a variety of circumstances.
Development of a sense of meaning and affirmation of life.
An understanding that the self is not the center of the
universe.
Compassion for others.
The ability to be unselfish in serving or relating to others.
Increased depth and satisfaction in intimate relationships.
A sense of control over the mind and body that enables the
person to make health-enhancing choices and decisions.
Mental Health
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The ability to function and carry
out responsibilities.
The ability to form relationships.
Realistic perceptions of the
motivation of others.
Rational, logical thought
processes.
The ability to adapt to change and
to cope with adversity.
Other Components of
Psychological Health
Emotional Intelligence
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Self-awareness
Altruism
Personal motivation
Empathy
Ability to love and be
loved
Spiritual Intelligence
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The capacity to sense,
understand, and tap into
the highest parts of
ourselves, others, and the
world around us.
Focus on the discovery
of a wisdom within
The Three Pillars of
Positive Psychology
“Treatment is not
just fixing what is
broken, it is
nurturing
what is best
within ourselves”.
Positive
Emotions
Positive Traits
Positive
Institutions
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Values
Instrumental
Important ways of
thinking and acting.
(being loving or loyal)
Terminal
Goals
Achievements
Ideal states
Self Esteem
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Definition:
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Boosting self esteem:
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Belief and pride in ourselves which develops
overtime starting in childhood.
Positive affirmations, compliments, kudos and
encouragement.
Lowering self esteem:
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Feelings of a lack of love and encouragement, and
seeking out people who think poorly of them.
Mood
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Definition:
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A sustained emotional state that colors our view of the world
for hours or days.
Mood Management:
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Men: distraction or alcohol and drug use.
Women: talking with someone or to ruminate on why they feel
bad.
Cognitive reappraisal.
Alter your negative feelings.
Get moving.
Take your mind off your troubles.
Genetics
Relationships
Gender and
Race
Factors
Affecting
Happiness
Education
Intelligence
Life Events
Age,
Health, and
Wealth
Happiness Boosters
Optimism
Humor
Loving and
Being Loved
Altruism
Developing Autonomy
Dependence
Autonomy
The Mentally Healthy Individual
What is a Mental Disorder?
American’s Psychiatric Association’s
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th
edition (DSM-IV)
“a clinically significant behavioral or psychological
syndrome or pattern that occurs in an individual and
that is associated with present distress or disability or
with a significantly increased risk of suffering death,
pain, disability, or an important loss of freedom.”
When Students Seek Counseling
Why Students Seek
Psychological Help
The Brain
The Anatomy of a Neuron
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Nucleus
Axon
Axon Terminal
Dendrites
Glia
Other Important
Terminology:
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Neurotransmitters
Synapse
Receptors
The Neuron
The Basic Working Unit of the Brain
Are Men’s and Women’s
Brains Different?
Men
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Women
Have bigger brains.
Have eyes which are more
sensitive to bright light.
Retain ability to see well at
long distances longer in life.
Loses brain tissue more
rapidly than women.
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Use more neurons.
Hears a broader range of
sounds.
Hearing remains sharper,
longer.
Responds more intensely to
emotions.
The Bottom Line:
Neither gender’s brain is “better”.
Anxiety Disorders
Phobias
Characteristic Symptoms
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Excessive or unreasonable
fear of a specific object or
situation.
Immediate, invariable anxiety
when exposed to the object
or situation.
Recognition that the fear is
excessive or unreasonable.
Avoidance of the feared
object or situation.
Inability to function as usual.
Treatment
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Behavior therapy including
systematic desensitization.
Anxiety Disorders
Panic Attacks and Panic Disorder
Characteristics
 Panic attack: Rapid onset of
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dizziness or lightheadedness
with rapid breathing or
hyperventilation, numbness
of fingers or toes, and a
terrible sense that something
horrible is about to happen.
A panic disorder develops
when attacks recur or
apprehension about them
affects normal daily function.
Treatment
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Cognitive-behavior therapy.
Medication.
Anxiety Disorders
Panic Disorders
Characteristics
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Excessive or unreasonable
fear of a specific object or
situation.
Immediate, invariable anxiety
when exposed to the object
or situation.
Recognition that the fear is
excessive or unreasonable.
Avoidance of the feared
object or situation.
Inability to function as usual.
Treatment
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Behavior therapy including
systematic desensitization.
Anxiety Disorders
General Anxiety Disorder
Definition
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Excessive or unrealistic
apprehension that causes
physical symptoms that lasts
for six months or longer.
Characteristics
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Faster heart rate, sweating,
increased blood pressure,
muscle aches, intestinal pains,
irritability, sleep problems,
and difficulty concentrating.
Treatment
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Psychotherapy.
Behavioral therapy.
Antianxiety drugs.
Anxiety Disorders
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Characteristics
 Obsession: a recurring
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idea, thought, or image
that they realize, at least
initially, is senseless.
Compulsion: Repetitive
behavior performed
according to certain rules
or in a stereotyped
fashion.
Treatment
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Cognitive therapy.
Behavioral therapy.
Medications.
Depressive Disorders
Characteristics
Feeling depressed, sad, empty or discouraged, tearful.
Loss of interest or pleasure in once-enjoyable activities.
Eating more or less than usual with weight changes.
Changes in sleep patterns
Feeling slowed down or restless.
Lack of energy.
Surgery
Difficulty concentrating and forgetfulness.
Persistent thoughts of death or suicide.
Withdrawal from others, lack of interest in sex.
Headaches, digestive problems, aches and pains.
Depressive Disorders
Treatments
Psychotherapy
Cognitive-behavior therapy
Interpersonal therapy
Medications
Antidepressants
Exercise
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
Bipolar Disorder
Characteristics
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Mood swings that take
individuals from manic states
of feeling euphoric and
energetic to depressive states
of utter despair.
Involves, mood swings, and
changes in thinking, behavior
and physical condition.
Treatment
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Cognitive therapy.
Behavioral therapy.
Medications.
Suicide Risk
Who attempts
suicide?
Who completes
suicide?
Sex
Female
Male
Age
Under 35
Under 20 or over
60
More deadly,
such as a gun.
Low chance of
rescue.
Means
Less deadly, such
as wrist slashing.
Circumstances High chance of
rescue.
Factors Contributing to Suicide
Females
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Violence.
Medical symptoms.
Having a friend attempt or
complete suicide.
Illicit drug use.
History of mental health
problems.
Males
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Violence.
Carrying a weapon at school.
Same sex romantic attraction.
A family history of suicide or
suicide attempts.
Skipping school.
Illicit drug use.
Being held back or skipping
grades.
What Leads to Suicide?
Mental
Disorders
Family
History
Substance
Abuse
Physical
Illness
Hopelessness
Brain
Chemistry
Access to
Guns
Suicide Prevention
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Encourage your friend to
talk.
Don’t offer trite reassurances.
Suggest solutions or
alternatives to problems.
Don’t be afraid to ask
whether your friend has
considered suicide.
Don’t think that people who
talk about killing themselves
never carry out their threat.
Mental Health Professionals
 Psychiatrist (MD)
 Psychologist
 Certified social workers or licensed social workers
 Psychiatric Nurses
 Marriage and family therapists
 Psychiatric Facilities and Organizations
 Hospitals
 Community Mental Health Centers
 Voluntary Agencies
 E-therapy
Options for Treatment
Psychodynamic
Psychotherapy
CognitiveBehavior
Therapy
Interpersonal
Therapy
Psychiatric
Drug Therapy
Attention Disorders
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Causes
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Genetic and biological.
Differences in the brain
Prenatal use of alcohol,
tobacco and cocaine.
Delivery complications.
Postnatal problems.
Meningitis, encephalitis,
chronic lead exposure or
severe head trauma.
Three Primary Symptoms
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Hyperactivity
Impulsivity
Distractibility
Treatment
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Medications
Psychotherapy
General counseling
Vocational rehabilitation
Academic tutoring
Schizophrenia
Symptoms
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Hallucinations, delusions, inability to think in a logical
manner, talking in rambling or incoherent ways, making odd
or purposeless movements or not moving at all, mimicking
gesture or words, showing few, if any, emotions, lacking will
or motivation, and functioning at a much lower level than
normal.
Phases
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Prodromal, active and residual phases.
Treatment
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Antipsychotic medications
The Keys to Psychological Wellness
Accept yourself
Respect yourself
Trust yourself
Love yourself
Stretch yourself
Look at challenges as opportunities for personal growth
Where and who do you want to be a decade from now?