Transcript Anxiety PP File

ANXIETY DISORDERS
Definition
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filled with exaggerated worry and tension even
though there is little or nothing to provoke it.
Anticipate disaster
Overly concerned about health issues, money,
family, difficulties at work
Getting through the day causes anxiety
4 Types of Anxiety Disorders:
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Phobia-intense, irrational fear of an object or
situation that is not likely to be dangerous
Specific Phobia-fear and avoidance of heights,
blood, animals, automobile or air travel
Social Phobias-anxiety about being negatively
evaluated by others (fear of eating in front of
others)
Agoraphobia-strong fear of being away from a
safe place
Diagnosis
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Worries excessively about a variety of everyday
problems for at least 6 months
Can’t relax, startles easily, difficulty concentrating
Anxiety is more intense than the situation warrants
Trouble falling asleep
Physical Symptoms
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Fatigue, headaches, muscle tension, muscle aches,
difficulty swallowing, trembling, twitching, irritable,
sweaty, nausea, light headedness, frequent trips to
the bathroom, feeling out of breath, hot flashes
The level of anxiety determines functionality
Social Phobia (Social Anxiety Disorder)
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overwhelmingly anxious and excessively self
conscious in everyday social situations.
Intense, persistent, and chronic fear of being
watched and judged by others and of doing things
that will embarrass them.
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A student won’t attend her university classes on the first day because she knows
that in some classes the professor will instruct them to go around the room and
introduce themselves. Just thinking about sitting there, waiting to introduce
herself to a roomful of strangers who will be staring at her makes her feel
nauseous…..The anxiety is just too much to bear -- so she skips the first day of
class to avoid the possibility of having to introduce herself in public.
To the person with social anxiety, going to a job interview is pure
torture…..You’ll look funny, you’ll be hesitant, maybe you’ll even blush, and
you won’t be able to find the right words to answer all the questions. It is
especially frustrating because you know you could do the job well if you could
just get past this terrifying and intimidating interview.
A man hates to go to work because a meeting is scheduled the next day…. Just
the thought of speaking in front of co-workers raises his anxiety. Sometimes he
can’t sleep the night before because of the anticipatory anxiety that builds up.
Finally, the meeting is over. A big wave of relief spills over him as he begins to
relax. But the memory of the meeting is still uppermost in his mind. He is
convinced he made a fool of himself and that everyone in the room saw how
afraid he was when he spoke and how stupid he acted in their presence.
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Social Phobia affects about 15 million American
adults.
Women and men are equally likely to develop the
disorder which usually begins in childhood or early
adolescence.
There is some evidence that genetic factors are
involved.
Social Phobia is often accompanied by other anxiety
disorders or depression and substance abuse may
develop if people try to self medicate their anxiety.
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Social Phobia can be limited to one situation ( such
as talking to people, eating or drinking, or writing
on a blackboard in front of others) or may be so
broad (such as in generalized social phobia) that
the person experiences anxiety around almost
anyone other than family.
Physical symptoms: blushing, profuse sweating,
trembling, nausea, and difficulty talking.
Other Facts
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Affects 6.8 million adults, twice as many women than men
Disorder comes on gradually, risk is highest between
childhood and middle age
Must spend 6 months worrying excessively about a number
of everyday problems
Genes could play a role
GAD could be accompanied by other anxiety disorders,
depression or substance abuse
Gad rarely occurs alone
Medication or Cognitive Behavior Therapy most affective
Panic Disorder
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Sudden attacks of terror, accompanied by a
pounding heart, sweatiness, weakness, faintness or
dizziness
During an attack: flushed or feel chilled, hands
tingle or feel numb, nausea or chest pain or a
smothering sensation
Creates a sense of unreality impending doom, or a
fear of losing control
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Believe they are having a heart attack, losing their
mind, or on the verge of death
May worry intensely and dread the next attack
Occurs at anytime, even sleep
Peaks after 10 minutes, symptoms may last much
longer
Other Facts
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Affects about 6 million American adults twice as
common in women than men
Begins in late adolescence or early adulthood
Not all who experience panic attacks will develop Panic
Disorder
Appears to be inherited
People who have full blown attacks should seek help
before they start avoiding places or situations where
attacks may occur.
Example: panic attack in elevator, what would it affect?
Other facts
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A third of the people who have panic disorder become
homebound unless they are able to confront a fear with
a trusted person, if the disease progresses it becomes
agoraphobia or a fear of open spaces
Early treatment can often prevent agoraphobia, but
sometimes people are bounced around so much that
they are diagnosed too late to seek treatment
Considered one of the most treatable anxiety disorders
Also accompanied by other serious problems:
depression and substance abuse (drugs and alcohol)
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
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People with OCD have persistent, upsetting thoughts
(obsessions) and use rituals (compulsions) to control
the anxiety these thoughts produce. Most of the
time the rituals end up controlling them.
Example: obsessed with germs, compulsion is
washing their hands over and over again,
performing a ritual like this is not pleasurable, at
best, it produces temporary relief from the anxiety
created by obsessing thoughts.
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Rituals: Need to repeatedly check things, touch
things, or count things.
Common Obsessions: frequent thoughts of violence
and harming loved ones, persistently thinking about
performing sexual acts the person dislikes, or having
thoughts that are prohibited by religious belief.
Preoccupied with order and symmetry, have
difficulty throwing things out or hoard unneeded
items.
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Healthy people also have rituals, the difference is
people with OCD perform their rituals even though
doing so interferes with daily life and they find the
repetition distressing.
Most adults with OCD recognize what they are
doing is senseless, some adults and most children
may not realize that their behavior is out of the
ordinary.
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OCD affects about 2.2 million American adults. Problem can be
accompanied by: eating disorders, other anxiety disorders, or depression.
Affects both men and women equally and usually surfaces in childhood,
adolescence, or early adulthood.
One third of adults with OCD develop symptoms as children, and research
indicates that OCD might run in families
Symptoms may come or go, ease over time, or get worse
If OCD become severe it may keep a person from working or carrying out
normal responsibilities at home.
People with OCD may avoid situations that cause the obsessions or they
may use drugs or alcohol to calm themselves
OCD usually responds well to treatment with certain medications, or
exposure –based psychotherapy, in which people face situations that cause
fear or anxiety and become less sensitive to them.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
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Develops after a terrifying ordeal that involved
physical harm or the threat of physical harm. The
person who develops PTSD may have been the one
who was harmed, the harm may have happened to
a loved one, or the person may have witnesses a
harmful event that happened to loved ones or
strangers.
2004 New England Journal of
Medicine
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They can worry for days or weeks before a dreaded situation,
this fear may become so severe that it interferes with work,
school, and other ordinary activities, can become hard to make
and keep friends.
Many people with Social phobia realize their fears to be
excessive and unreasonable that are unable to overcome the
fear.
Even if they manage to confront their fears and be around
others they are usually very anxious beforehand, and intensely
uncomfortable throughout the encounter, and worry about how
they were judged for hours afterwards.
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PTSD was first brought to public attention in relation to war veterans, but it
can result from a variety of traumatic events, such as a mugging, rape,
torture, kidnapping, or being held captive, child abuse, car accidents, train
wrecks, plane crashes, etc.
Symptoms: startle easy, become emotionally numb, and lose interest in
things they used to enjoy, be irritable, and become more aggressive or even
violent.
PTSD symptoms seem to be worse if the event that triggered them was
deliberately initiated by another person, as in a mugging or kidnapping.
Most people with PTSD relive the trauma during the day and in nightmare
when they sleep
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Known as flashbacks (images, sounds, smells, or feelings) the
person may lose touch with reality and believe that the
traumatic event is happening all over again.
Not every traumatized person develops the disorder or even
minor PTSD, symptoms usually begin within 3 months of the
event but occasionally emerge years after.
They must last more than a month to be considered PTSD.
The course of the illness varies, some people recover within 6
months, while others have symptoms that last much longer, in
some the condition becomes chronic
PTSD affects about 7.7 million American adults, but it can occur
at any age , including childhood.
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Women are more likely to develop PTSD than men,
and there is some evidence that susceptibility to the
disorder may run in families.
PTSD is often accompanied by depression,
substance abuse, or one or more of the other
anxiety disorders.
Medications and psychotherapy are preferred
treatments.