Transcript Psychological Disorders and Treatment

Diagnosis…
 How have we done it
in the past? What
factors were
considered?
 How do we do it
now? What factors
are considered?
 How should we do it
in the future? What
factors should we
consider?
Psychological Disorders—Objective #5
Identify the positive and negative consequences of
diagnostic labels.
4
3
2
I can do all of the below and predict future social
consequences of diagnostic labels
1
0
I do not know what diagnostic labels are
I can identify the positive and negative consequences of
diagnostic labels with scientific evidence
I can describe diagnostic labels but have difficulty outlining
the positive and negative consequences of labels beyond my
own assumptions
I do not even know how to begin to demonstrate that I know
this
Defining abnormal
 1) Deviant
 2) Distressful
 3) Dysfunctional
 Patterns of
thoughts, feelings,
or behaviors
 Categorize your definition of abnormal
according to the psychological
definition discussed.
 What was the same and what was
different?
Rosenhan Study
 GOAL: Identify positive and negative
consequences of diagnostic labels
 Close reading—circle most
important word, underline most
important sentence, list reviewed
concepts
1. Socrative Quiz –Room = C-217
2. Write 6-7 sentence summary of
Rosenhan’s study
3. Outline positive and negative
consequences of diagnostic labels
4. Reflect on the stigma of labels and
changes in your understanding of
psychological disorders
Psychological Disorders—Objective #5
Identify the positive and negative consequences of
diagnostic labels.
4
3
2
I can do all of the below and predict future social
consequences of diagnostic labels
1
0
I do not know what diagnostic labels are
I can identify the positive and negative consequences of
diagnostic labels with scientific evidence
I can describe diagnostic labels but have difficulty outlining
the positive and negative consequences of labels beyond my
own assumptions
I do not even know how to begin to demonstrate that I know
this
BEWARE OF SELF-DIAGNOSIS!
SAD
Dissociative Fugue
Disorders in pop-culture
 As Good as it
Gets
 Always Sunny
 Copycat
 What about Bob
DSM V—Table of Contents
 To be turned in…
 1) What do you KNOW about psychological disorders?
 2) What do you WANT to know?
 3) Study DSM V Table of Contents handout
 4) What information have you LEARNED from this
document?
 Surprises?
 Additional Questions?
5) Use this opportunity to share concerns you might have
regarding class discussions in this unit.
Understanding disorders &
perspectives
 Medical Model—approaching
abnormal psychology as a
disease that has symptoms, and
can be diagnosed and
treated…similar to the flu,
cancer, etc…
 Psychoanalytic Model—
disorders are expressions of
internal (unconscious) conflict
 Cognitive-Behavioral Model—
disorders are the development
of learning maladaptive
behaviors or thoughts…which
can be unlearned.
Integrated Models
 Diathesis-stress model—
suggests that a person may
be predisposed for a
mental disorder that
remains unexpressed until
triggered by stress
 Systems approach—
(biopsychosocial) suggests
that disorders are lifestyle
diseases—reduces the
emphasis on predisposition
Terms to know…
 Etiology—cause
 Comorbidity—
co-occurence of
two or more
disorders in a singe
individual
 Insanity—legal not
medical
Controversial Topics in
Abnormal Psychology
 Multiple Personality
Disorder (DID)
 Constructed memories
 Exists primarily in the
US
Controversial Topics in
Abnormal Psychology
 Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
 The Purple Heart is not given to
soldiers diagnosed with PTSD
because it is not a physical
wound.
 Which diagnostic model would
most likely disagree with this
practice?
 Psychological stigma
 Why so prevalent now?
 Diagnostic model explanations?
Controversial Topics in
Abnormal Psychology
 Cultural/Gender
Bias in diagnosis
 ADHD/ODD
 Histrionic
Personality
Disorder—
attention seeking,
provocative,
heightened sexual
activity
Anxiety Disorders
 GAD
 Phobias
 Panic disorders
 OCD
Mood Disorders
 Bipolar Disorder
 Mania and depressed states
 Treated with lithium
 Virginia Woolf, Winston
Churchill, Ernest
Hemmingway, Teddy
Roosevelt
 Depressive Disorders
 Major Depressive Disorder
 SAD
 “learned helplessness theory”
Dissociative Disorders
 Dissociative Identity
Disorder
 Dissociative Amnesia—loss
of memory of significant
personal information
 Dissociative Fugue—loss of
memory of one’s personal
history along with an
abrupt departure from
home and the assumption
of a new identity
Developmental Disorders
 ADHD
 Conduct Disorders (ODD)
 Learning Disorders
 Communication Disorders
 Speech/Language
 ASD—impairment in
communication and social
interaction
Personality Disorders
 Odd/Eccentric
 Schizotypal, Paranoid,
Schizoid
 Dramatic/erratic—
 antisocial, borderline,
histrionic, narcissistic
 Anxious/inhibited—
 avoidant or dependant
personality disorders
Schizophrenia
 Schizophrenia
 One of the most devastating and
mystifying of the mental
disorders
 Occurs in roughly 1% of the
population
 Effects men slightly more than
women
 Late onset disorder
 Diathesis-stress model
Symptoms of
Schizophrenia
 Delusion—false belief,
often bizarre, grandiose,
and/or persecution.
 Hallucination—false
perceptual experience (i.e.,
hearing voices
 Disorganized speech—
severe disruption of verbal
communication in which
ideas shift rapidly and
incoherently
 Grossly disorganized
behavior—behavior that is
inappropriate for the
situation
 Negative Symptoms—
emotional and social
withdrawal, apathy,
etc…aka, and absence of
certain normal behavior or
motivation
Types of Schizophrenia
 characterized by absurd
illogical delusions, vivid
hallucinations, resulting
in poor judgment and
dangerous behaviors
 Emotional distortion
typically manifested in
inappropriate laughter,
peculiar mannerisms,
bizarre often obscene
behavior.
 “A Beautiful Mind”
 John Nash
Biological Factors
 Dopamine hypothesis
 Strong genetic component
 Treated with dopamine
blocking medication—
antipsychotics
 2 to 3 times more likely to
smoke—self medicating?
Answers for treatment?
 Tardive Dyskinesia
Positive Psychology
 Martin Seligman—human
happiness and virtue
deserve the same attention
as disorders
 What creates happiness?
 Genetics
 Friends
 Money
 Comes from goodness
Types of therapists
 Psychologist
 Psychiatrist
 Social Worker
 Counselor
The stuff we used to do…
 Hydrotherapy =
waterboarding
 Lobotomies
 Blood letting
 Cocaine
 Shock therapy
Types of Modern Therapy
 Psychodynamic
Therapy
 29% of therapy
 Why we still talk
about Freud
 Dream Analysis
 Free Association
 Projective Tests
Types of Therapy
 Behavioral Therapy
 Focuses on changing
maladaptive behaviors
into more
constructive ones
 Token economy—
 Exposure Therapy—
 systematic
desensitization
 Exposure hierarchy
 Aversive
conditioning
Types of Therapy
 Humanistic/Existential
Therapies
 Person Centered Therapy:
Rogers
 Active listening—
paraphrase, clarification,
reflect feelings
 Unconditional positive
regard
 Gestalt Therapy: the whole
person/situation—role playing
Types of Therapy
 Cognitive
Therapy
 Involves teaching clients
to change belief
patterns.
 CBT—Cognitive
Behavioral Therapy; very
effective in treating
depression, and anxiety.
 Aaron Beck + Dalai Lama
Types of Therapy
 Group Therapy
 Couple and family
therapy
 Substance abuse
 Divorce support
Drug Therapies
 Psychopharmacology
 Antipsychotic drugs—
Schizophrenia—dopamine
 Anti--anxiety medications
 Increase GABA
 High risk of tolerance
development
 Withdrawal causes anxiety,
so…
Drug Therapies
 Antidepressants
and mood
stabilizers
 Connections to
suicide?
 SSRIs
 Serotonin and
Norepinephrine