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Dealing with developmental dyslexia in education By Jonathon Van Spronsen, Julia Yu and Heather Buckingham What Is Dyslexia? A type of neurodevelopmental disorder that impedes the ability to read (Tannock, 2004) Difficult to narrow down About Dyslexia Student Perspective Teaching Methods Conclusions Psychological Research “Specific Learning Disabilities” Originally thought to be a phonological processing disorder (Lyon & Moats, 1997) Currently hypothesised to be caused by visual attention deficits (Valdois, Bosse, & Tainturier, 2004) About Dyslexia Student Perspective Teaching Methods Conclusions Common Diagnostic Criteria Normal to high intelligence, with difficulty reading, writing, and spelling Sees non-existent movement of letters or symbols Distractibility; hyperactivity (Davis, 1992) About Dyslexia Student Perspective Teaching Methods Conclusions About Dyslexia 5-17% of Americans struggle with Dyslexia International Dyslexia Foundation Dyslexia is a lifelong struggle, though reading and writing can be learned Dyslexia does not mean a student is “lazy” It is never too late to improve reading and writing skills University of Michigan About Dyslexia Student Perspective Teaching Methods Conclusions Student Perspective I listen well, but have trouble filtering out background noise Reading instructions can be frustrating, difficult, and time consuming I spend a lot of time decoding information It is difficult for me to grasp the meaning of text I struggle with comprehending what we are doing I have trouble with time management skills I feel inferior to other students Examples of student struggles with dyslexia About Dyslexia Student Perspective Teaching Methods Conclusions Advice to Students from Dyslexic Peers Find out what support is available, and use it If you have questions, ask a teacher, supervisor, counselor, etc. “Keep going, you’ll get there in the end!” PhD student, University of Nottingham About Dyslexia Student Perspective Teaching Methods Conclusions Famous Dyslexics Famous and talented people who may have struggled with dyslexia: Albert Einstein Thomas Edison Leonardo da Vinci Winston Churchill William Butler Yeats (West, 1991) About Dyslexia Student Perspective Teaching Methods Conclusions “If a child does not learn the way you teach then teach him the way he learns.” (Chasty, cited in Chinn & Ashcroft, 1999, p.126) About Dyslexia Student Perspective Teaching Methods Conclusions “The teacher responsible for a student with special needs is responsible for designing, supervising, and assessing the education program for that student.” (BC Ministry of Education) About Dyslexia Student Perspective Teaching Methods Conclusions Teaching Methods • Understand problems associated with dyslexia • Involve repetition • Introduce new words slowly • Avoid “reading aloud” assignments • Give extra time or modify assignments About Dyslexia Student Perspective Teaching Methods Conclusions Teaching Methods • Avoid teaching above the student’s learning level • Develop reading guides • Provide a glossary in content areas • Highlight or colour code essential information • Use a tape recorder About Dyslexia Student Perspective Teaching Methods Conclusions Conclusions • Understand student educational needs • Help reading become a positive experience • Be creative with teaching methods to assist student learning About Dyslexia Student Perspective Teaching Methods Conclusions References Boder, E., (1973) Developmental Dyslexia: a Diagnostic Approach Based on Three Atypical Reading-spelling. Developmental Medicine of Child Neurology, 15, 663-687 Chinn, S. T. & Ashcroft, J. R. (1999) Mathematics for Dyslexics: a teaching handbook. London: Whurr Publishers. Davis, R. D. (1992). 37 Common Characteristics of Dyslexia. Retrieved from Dyslexia.com: http://www.dyslexia.com/library/symptoms.htm dyslexia.com,. “A Dyslexic Child in the Classroom”. N.p., 2015. Web. 22 Sept dyslexiahelp.umich.edu,. “Debunking The Myths About Dyslexia”. N.p., 2015. Web. 22 Sept. Lyon, G. R., & Moats, L. C. (1997, December). Critical Coneptual and Methodological Considerations in Reading Intervention Research. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 580-588. nottingham.ac.uk,. “Case Study – Coping With Dyslexia”. N.p., 2015. Web. 22 Sept. References Tannock, R. P. (2014, January). DSM-5 Changes in Diagnostic Criteria for Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD): What Are The Implications? Retrieved from International Dyslexia Association: http://dyslexiahelp.umich.edu/sites/default/files/IDA_DSM-5%20Changes.pdf understood.org,. “Understanding Dyslexia”. N.p., 2015. Web. 22 Sept. Valdois, S., Bosse, M.-L., & Tainturier, M.-J. (2004). The Cognitive Deficits Responsible for Developmental Dyslexia: Review of Evidence for a Visual Attentional Deficit Hypothesis. Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neuro-Cognition, Université Pierre Mendès-France, Grenoble, France, 339-363. visd.com,. “dyslexia handbook: teacher strategies”. N.p., 2015. Web. 22 Sept. Waddington, E., Jacob, S., & Bailey, S., (1996). Teaching Students with Dyslexia in the Regular Classroom. Childhood Education, 73(1), 2-5 West, T. (1991). In the mind’s eye. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books.