Transcript Students with Learning DisabilitiesCh13MHss

Students with Learning
Disabilities
…not all disabilities can be
seen
What is a L.D.?
Types of LD
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LD in reading
LD in mathematics
LD in written expression
LD not otherwise specified
Developmental Coordination Disorder
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Considered separate
Difficulties in muscle/motor control that
impairs learning processes in writing,
drawing and movement.
Defining
Percentage of students with LD =
motor difficulties
 Specific disorders:
Dyslexia, perceptual disabilities,
aphasia,
 Can (Does not mean it does)
co-occur with LD can be ADD/ADHD
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Prevalence
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~ 70-90% of LD population= male
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1977 = 800,000
2006= 3 million school-aged students (p.
426)
Dyslexia = 80% of all LD
Dyslexia is often undiagnosed
~ 80% of people with LD have
ADHD/ADD
27-46% of college students have a LD
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Three times as many males
receive special ed. For LD
Etiology
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Very difficult to pinpoint
Genetics primary factor/ CNS – motor
problems/neurological
Minimal brain damage
Biochemical imbalance (dietary)
Environmental – family, school,
cultural deprivation, behavioral
disorders
Learning Disabilities
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Teflon Syndrome - learned material
just “does not stick.”
Loss of self-esteem, depression,
anxiety, frustration, alienation
Development of negative behaviors
DCD
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DCD versus CP
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Degree of muscle coordination and
diagnosis
DCD – milder degree of dysfunction – no
neurologic problems.
ADHD
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Inattention and or hyperactive
Some symptoms must be present
by age 7- must have at least 6 out
of 9.
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Problems in understanding or
using language – spoken or
written
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Manifested in listening, thinking,
speaking, writing, spelling,
mathematical calculations
Possible Behavioral
Characteristics
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Beginning/finishing tasks
Organization
Consistency in behavior
Peer relationships
Academic problems
Time concepts
Directionality concepts
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Motor difficulties – poor
coordination, clumsiness, poor
balance, awkward, lack of rhythm
Impulsiveness
Poor decision-making skills
Inability to sit or stand in one place
for extended periods/ hyperactive
Delayed bilateral coordination
(timing)
Perseveration
Teaching Tips
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Increase alternative ways to receive
positive attention
Decrease the length of the task and
make directions brief
Short, clear instructions
Break lesson components into shorter
segments
Present new info. In smaller quantities
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Repeat directions
Have the student repeat the
directions to you
Avoid changing the environment
frequently
Eliminate distractions