Transcript Behavior Disorders - People Server at UNCW

Chapter 7
Understanding Students
with Emotional or
Behavioral Disorders
Exceptional Lives: Special Education in Today’s Schools, 6e
ISBN: 0135027012
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Chapter 7 Objectives
At the end of this chapter you should be able to:
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Identify and define the characteristics of students
with emotional and behavioral disorders.
Compare and contrast externalizing and
internalizing behaviors.
Describe the causes of emotional and behavioral
disorders.
Articulate services and instructional approaches
for students with emotional or behavioral
disorders.
Exceptional Lives: Special Education in Today’s Schools,
6e
Ann Turnbull, Rud Turnbull, and Michael Wehmeyer
ISBN: 0135027012
2
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Defining Emotional or Behavioral
Disorders
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IDEA Definition of Emotional Disturbance
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Over a long time, to a marked degree, that
adversely affects a child’s educational performance
Accompanied by one or more of 5 characteristics
Includes: schizophrenia, but does not apply to
children who are socially maladjusted unless they
also meet the other criteria for having an emotional
disturbance.
Exceptional Lives: Special Education in Today’s Schools,
6e
Ann Turnbull, Rud Turnbull, and Michael Wehmeyer
ISBN: 0135027012
3
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Defining Emotional or Behavioral
Disorders

One or more of 5 characteristics
 Inability to learn that cannot be explained by
intellectual, sensory, or health factors
 Inability to build or maintain satisfactory
interpersonal relationships with peers or teachers
 Inappropriate types of behavior or feelings under
normal circumstances
 A general, pervasive mood of unhappiness or
depression
 A tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears
associated with personal or school problems
Exceptional Lives: Special Education in Today’s Schools,
6e
Ann Turnbull, Rud Turnbull, and Michael Wehmeyer
ISBN: 0135027012
4
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Prevalence of EBD
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Approximately 0.7 percent of all student ages
6 - 21 in special education
Debate over accuracy of amount
Gender, ethnic, and socioeconomic factors
influence prevalence
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White males more than white females
Black females more than white females
Black males highest disproportionately
Exceptional Lives: Special Education in Today’s Schools,
6e
Ann Turnbull, Rud Turnbull, and Michael Wehmeyer
ISBN: 0135027012
5
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Emotional Characteristics of
EBD

Anxiety disorder
 Separation anxiety
 Generalized anxiety
disorder
 Phobia
 Panic disorder
 Obsessivecompulsive disorder
 Post-traumatic stress
disorder
Exceptional Lives: Special Education in Today’s Schools,
6e
Ann Turnbull, Rud Turnbull, and Michael Wehmeyer
ISBN: 0135027012

Mood disorder
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6
Depression
Suicide
Bipolar disorder
Oppositional defiant
disorder
Conduct disorder
Schizophrenia
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Behavioral Characteristics of
EBD

Externalizing
behaviors
 Aggression,
 Acting out
 Noncompliant
behaviors
Internalizing behaviors
 Withdrawal
 Depression
 Anxiety
 Obsessions
 Compulsions

Can occur simultaneously
Exceptional Lives: Special Education in Today’s Schools,
6e
Ann Turnbull, Rud Turnbull, and Michael Wehmeyer
ISBN: 0135027012
7
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Cognitive and Academic
Characteristics of EBD
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Below grade level in reading, math, and
writing
Rated low on self-control social skills
measures
Higher rates of being held back in a grade
Many have expressive and/or receptive
language disorders
Exceptional Lives: Special Education in Today’s Schools,
6e
Ann Turnbull, Rud Turnbull, and Michael Wehmeyer
ISBN: 0135027012
8
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Determining the Causes
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Biological Causes
Environmental considerations
 School factors
 Family factors/considerations
Exceptional Lives: Special Education in Today’s Schools,
6e
Ann Turnbull, Rud Turnbull, and Michael Wehmeyer
ISBN: 0135027012
9
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Determining the Presence
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Rating scales, personality inventories, and observations.
 They did not always follow the IDEA definition
Scale for Assessing Emotional Disturbance
 Follows 5 elements from IDEA
 Inability to learn
 Inability to build or maintain satisfactory relationships
 Inappropriate behavior
 Unhappiness or depression
 Physical symptoms or fears
Additionally:
 Student involvement in antisocial behaviors in
environments outside of school
Exceptional Lives: Special Education in Today’s Schools,
6e
Ann Turnbull, Rud Turnbull, and Michael Wehmeyer
ISBN: 0135027012
10
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Partnering for Special Education and
Related Services
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Wraparound services:
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School, community, mental health, and other services are
“wrapped around” the student instead of compartmentalized
Ten key principles
 Voice and choice
 Team-based
 Natural supports
 Collaboration
 Community-based
 Culturally competent
 Individualized
 Strengths-based
 Persistence
 Outcomes-based
Exceptional Lives: Special Education in Today’s Schools,
6e
Ann Turnbull, Rud Turnbull, and Michael Wehmeyer
ISBN: 0135027012
11
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Partnering for Special Education and
Related Services

Wraparound services:
 Four phases of wraparound (Box 7.1)
 Engagement and Team preparation
 Initial Plan Development
 Implementation
 Transition
Exceptional Lives: Special Education in Today’s Schools,
6e
Ann Turnbull, Rud Turnbull, and Michael Wehmeyer
ISBN: 0135027012
12
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Determining Supplementary Aids
and Services
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Classwide, peer-assisted, self-management
 Students learn how to define self-management
and why it is effective
 Explore how it might benefit them
 Learn the relationship among antecedents, specific
behaviors, and the consequences
 Discuss how to respond appropriately and
inappropriately
Reverse-role tutoring
 Using students with emotional or behavioral
disorders as tutors to nondisabled peers
Exceptional Lives: Special Education in Today’s Schools,
6e
Ann Turnbull, Rud Turnbull, and Michael Wehmeyer
ISBN: 0135027012
13
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Planning for Universal Design for
Learning
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Use a computer with word processing software
 Reduces frustration
 Increases students’ willingness to edit and
correct their work
 Results in clean, legible products
Talking word processors, alphabetical
keyboards, or word prediction software may
allow for less frustration when writing
Exceptional Lives: Special Education in Today’s Schools,
6e
Ann Turnbull, Rud Turnbull, and Michael Wehmeyer
ISBN: 0135027012
14
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Planning for Other Educational
Needs
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More than half drop out of high school
Statistics two years later show low
employment rate for dropouts
Reasons for dropout rate
Several interventions have been identified to
reduce the dropout rate
Exceptional Lives: Special Education in Today’s Schools,
6e
Ann Turnbull, Rud Turnbull, and Michael Wehmeyer
ISBN: 0135027012
15
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Preventing Dropouts
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Establish a student advisory program
Establish and involve students in extracurricular
activities
Systematically monitor risk factors associated
with dropping out
Develop “schools within schools” or smaller
units
Establish school-to-work programs
Engage in community-based learning
Use the “check and connect” strategy
Provide vocational education
Exceptional Lives: Special Education in Today’s Schools,
6e
Ann Turnbull, Rud Turnbull, and Michael Wehmeyer
ISBN: 0135027012
16
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Early Childhood Students
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Classroom-centered intervention
 Mastery learning
 Good-behavior game
Family-school partnership intervention
Multicomponent intervention
 Student-directed learning strategies
 Social Stories
 An apron storyboard
Exceptional Lives: Special Education in Today’s Schools,
6e
Ann Turnbull, Rud Turnbull, and Michael Wehmeyer
ISBN: 0135027012
17
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Elementary and Middle School
Students
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Service Learning
 Instructional activities that integrate
teaching activities with community service
 Designed to teach civil responsibility
 Reinforces lessons in the classroom in
the context of real life
 Improves communities
Exceptional Lives: Special Education in Today’s Schools,
6e
Ann Turnbull, Rud Turnbull, and Michael Wehmeyer
ISBN: 0135027012
18
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Secondary and Transition Students
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Conflict Resolution
 Students learn:
 Effective communication
 Anger management
 Taking another’s perspective
 Conflicts usually occur because of resources,
needs, or goals
 Teaches problem solving and successful
decision making
Exceptional Lives: Special Education in Today’s Schools,
6e
Ann Turnbull, Rud Turnbull, and Michael Wehmeyer
ISBN: 0135027012
19
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Measuring Students’ Progress
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Mastery learning (or mastery training)
 Frequently assess students’ mastery of content,
determining whether to move on to the next
concept
 To monitor mastery, effective teachers will:
 Ask questions of the whole class
 Use a cooperative learning strategy such as
“think-pair-share”
Social Skills
 Use of social skills rating system
 Socio-metric ratings for rankings
Exceptional Lives: Special Education in Today’s Schools,
6e
Ann Turnbull, Rud Turnbull, and Michael Wehmeyer
ISBN: 0135027012
20
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Making Accommodations for
Assessment
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Students in alternative school settings need to
progress in the general education curriculum so that
they may return to their neighborhood schools
Students with EBD may be more likely to have
difficulty with testing, due to heightened anxiety
Appropriate testing accommodations include:
 Extended time for testing
 Individual test administration
 Breaks during testing
Exceptional Lives: Special Education in Today’s Schools,
6e
Ann Turnbull, Rud Turnbull, and Michael Wehmeyer
ISBN: 0135027012
21
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.