Transcript How Dyslexia develops during childhood

Language Deficient Learner
EDU 3201
DYSLEXIA
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Introdution
Dyslexia
Definition of Dyslexia
What Is Dyslexia
How Dyslexia is diagnosed
What are some of the characteristics of Dyslexia
What factors contribute to Dyslexia
How Dyslexia happens
How Dyslexia develops during childhood
Symptoms of Dyslexia
Psychological Effects
Solutions to Dyslexia
Conclusions
Philosophical Thoughts
INTRODUCTION
•I believe that language is one of God’s most
important, gifts to man, and all of human
characteristics. Language is the most
distirictly human and the most basic.
Dyslexia
– One of the most prevalent language deficient
learner is known as dyslexia.
– Thus a person who, is impaired in language leads
miserable and unsuccessful.
– The following slides will give an overview of dyslexia.
– Including, what is dyslexia, characteristics of
dyslexia and supportive issues which will and the
dyslexics dilemma
Definition of Dyslexia
– Dyslexia is a development disorder marked by
difficulty in learning to read despite adequate
intelligence, conventional instruction and
sociocultural, opportunity. This means, a
dyslexia is a person who is severely below their
expected reading level based upon their overall
intelligence. This person has received a normal
education yet still falls below expectation.
What is Dyslexia
May have all or part of this signs……
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Delay in learning how to tie shoes
Left/ right confusions
Slow reader/ below
Loses reading place
Mixing the order of letters/ number
Difficulty finding appropriate words
Difficulty learning the alphabet
Hesitant in speech
Low self- esteem due to past frustrations
Can’t manage words
How Dyslexia is diagnosed
• By parents or teachers that a problem in
reading exist
• By a physician
• By a psycho educational diagnosis
• By a diagnosticians who will employ a
battery of assessment instruments
The characteristics of
dyslexia
• Family history of reading problems
• An average or above average IQ and, not uncommonly, a
proficiency in math.
• No enjoyment of reading as a leisure activity
• Problems of letter & word reversal
• Developmental history of problems in coordination & left/
right dominance
• Poor visual memory for language symbols
• Auditory language difficulties in word finding, fluency,
meaning or sequence
• Difficulty transferring information from what is heard to
what is seen & vice versa
What factors contribute to
dyslexia
Ocular Problems
• Such parameters as visual acuity, stereo acuity ocular
alignment and mobility, fusion status and refractive error
Language Problems
• An auditory language disorder that prevents the
individual from linking the spoken form of a word.
Visual- Spatial- Motor Problems
• Interferes with sequential organization, scanning, and the
perception of temporal and spatial cues.
How Dyslexia Happens
• It is a product of a special mode of thought &
a natural reaction to confusion.
• Perceive better & formulate mental concepts
faster than other people.
• Perceive imagination as reality. It is the
foundation of genius, it is a nonverbal mode of
thinking, which causes difficulty in learning
written language
How Dyslexia develops during
childhood
• A potential dyslexic child discovers how to mentally fill in
fragmentary perceptions. This imaginative talent may later
produce dyslexia.
• A child uses his/ her to recognize objects in the environment and
to develop artistic and kinesthetic talent. The child becomes a
visual and conceptual thinker.
• The child suspects something is wrong. The teacher, other kids,
school administration & eventually the parents gets upset with
the child and now we will see behavior problems.
• At the age eight or nine, the child invents tricks like rote
memorization, avoidance & reliance on others for reading &
writing skill
• The child’s self- esteem suffers
• After school years the dyslexic overcome or circumvent the
handicap of being functionally illiterate.
• As an adult the inability to read & write is a shameful secret. He/
she becomes secretive & hostile.
Symptoms
SymptomsofofDyslexia
Dyslexia
Lists of Symptoms
• a) Miles ( 1974 )
quoted by Thomson
• b) Documentary on
dyslexia by
Innovation
Symptoms of Dyslexia
Quoted by Thomson
• Discrepancy between intellectual level & performances
in spelling.
• Bizarre of b and d
• Difficulty in distinguishing between left and right.
• Difficulty in repeating digits in reverse order.
• Inability to do memorizing tables
• Losing the place when reciting tables
• A history of clumsiness late walking or late talking.
Quoted by Innovation
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letters will appear to dance
Forget sequence of letters
Reverse words
Insert/ delete words
Reversal of b and d
Respond to words impulsively
Leave endings off words.
Psychological Effects
• A dyslexic is often
confused about
himself
• Leads to anxiety
• Intelligent but he
can’t pass the
exam
2 emotional responses
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Under reaction
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Over reaction
2 emotional responses
• Under reaction
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They withdraw
Need considerable
encouragement to do a
task
Need considerable
approval and support to
perform a task
Constant correction
( develops a low self
esteem )
( reversing their
maturity level to
infantile habits )
Considers himself a
failure & worthless
• Over reaction
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Opposite of the outward
action
Try to cover their
inability by being
successful in other areas.
Success in the form of
being the class clown or
bully.
End up resenting
authority
a) Developmental
Approach
Solutions to Dyslexia
(3)
c) Remedial
Approach
b) Corrective
Approach
Developmental Approach
• Intensifies normal learning
• More individual attention
• Slowing down the class so that it will be
easier for the child to learn.
• The class is made up of children with
similar learning disorders.
Corrective Approach
• Focuses on strengths and abilities
increase the child’s hope and selfesteem.
Remedial Approach
• Similar to developments approach
• Focuses heavily on the deficiencies of
dyslexia
• Requires 1: 1 ratio
• ( student – teacher )
Conclusions
• Occurs in 15% of the population.
• Due to some neurological dysfunction of the brain
• A variety of symptoms can be overcome by special
education.
• should get proper diagnosing & explanation
• No cure but ways of dealing the obstacles of dyslexia
• Not a disease
• It is a disorder
• Can be conquered with patience & determination.
We have proven records that dyslexia had
been conquered by dyslexics and they had
achieved beyond their expectations &
imaginations in their lives.
To name a few are:
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Walt Disney
Leonardo da Vinci
Jackie Stewart
Alexander Graham Bell
Albert Einstein
Philosophical thoughts…
What we live with we learn,
and what we learn
we practice, and what we
practice, we become …………
and what we become
has consequences
AND almost always, I have
found, who we become
has little to do with who
we meant to be
We have become more learned teachers. We
believe, after this assignment, we will do a
better job in our schools. To this we thank
our lecturer Dr. Ghazali Mustapha.
THANK YOU