Transcript TAP3_LecturePowerPointSlides_Module30

Thinking About Psychology
The Science of Mind and Behavior 3e
Charles T. Blair-Broeker & Randal M. Ernst
PowerPoint Presentation Slides
by Kent Korek
Germantown High School
Worth Publishers, © 2012
Individual Variation Domain
Psychological Disorders
Module 30
Introduction to Psychological
Disorders
Module Overview
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Defining Disorder
Understanding Disorders
Classifying Disorders
Labeling Disorders
Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation.
Module 30: Introduction to Psychological Disorders
Defining Disorder
Psychological Disorder
• A harmful dysfunction
in which thoughts,
feelings, or behaviors
are maladaptive,
unjustifiable,
disturbing, and
atypical.
Maladaptive
• An exaggeration of normal, acceptable
behaviors
• Destructive to oneself or others
Unjustifiable
• Behavior which does not have a rational
basis
Disturbing
• A behavior which is troublesome to
other people
Atypical
• A behavior so different from other
people’s behavior that it violates a norm
• Norms are the rules established by a
culture of accepted and expected
behaviors
• Norms can vary from culture to culture
MUDA
• A mnemonic device used to remember
the four attributes of a psychological
disorder
– Maladaptive
– Unjustifiable
– Disturbing
– Atypical
Module 30: Introduction to Psychological Disorders
Understanding Disorders
Early Views of Mental Illness
• In ancient times, mental illness was
usually explained through a supernatural
model; the person was possessed or a
sinner
• During the Middle Ages treatment
methods were inhumane and cruel
Philippe Pinel (1745-1826)
• French physician who worked to reform
the treatment of people with mental
disorders.
• Encouraged more humane treatment
Module 30: Introduction to Psychological Disorders
Understanding Disorders:
The Medical Model
The Medical Model
• The concept that mental illnesses have
physical causes that can be diagnosed,
treated, and in most cases, cured.
• Psychological disorders can be
diagnosed based on their symptoms and
treated or cured through therapy.
• Psychological disorders are similar to a
physical illness.
Module 30: Introduction to Psychological Disorders
Understanding Disorders:
The
Bio-Psycho-Social Model
Bio-Psycho-Social Model
• A contemporary perspective that
assumes biological, psychological, and
sociocultural factors combine and
interact to produce psychological
disorders.
• Studies the influences of nature and
nurture and their interaction
Bio-Psycho-Social Model
• Bio – predisposition or hereditary
susceptibility to a disorder
• Psycho – one’s thoughts and thinking
patterns
• Social – expectations and influence of
culture
Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective
Module 30: Introduction to Psychological Disorders
Classifying Disorders
Classifying Mental Disorders
Psychology classifies disorders to:
• Describe the disorder
• Predict the future course of the disorder
• Treat the disorder appropriately
• Provide a springboard for research into the
disorder’s causes
DSM-IV-TR
• The American Psychiatric
Association’s Diagnostic
and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders, fourth
edition, text revision;
• a widely used system for
classifying psychological
disorders.
DSM-IV-TR
• Lists and describes all
the currently accepted
categories of mental
disorders
• DSM -5 scheduled for
release in 2013
DSM-IV-TR
• Divides mental disorders into 16 clinical
syndromes
• Includes the symptoms but not the
causes of each disease
• Has changed significantly since the first
edition
DSM-IV-TR Axis
DSM-IV-TR Axis
• Axis II – Is a Personality Disorder or
Mental Retardation (Intellectual Disability)
present?
• Axis III – Is a General Medical Condition
such as diabetes, hypertension, or arthritis,
also present?
• Axis IV – Are Psychosocial or
Environmental Problems, such as school or
housing issues, also present?
DSM-IV-TR Axis
• Axis V – What is the Global Assessment of
this person’s functioning? (from 0 to 100)
• 91 – 100 Superior function in a wide range of activities, life’s
problems never seem to get out of hand; is sought out by others
because of his or her many positive qualities. No symptoms.
• 51 – 60 Moderate symptoms (for example, flat affect or
occasional panic attack) or moderate difficulty in social,
occupational, or school functioning (for example, few friends or
conflicts with peers or co-workers).
• 0 – Persistent danger of severely hurting self or others (for
example, recurrent violence), persistent inability to maintain
minimal personal hygiene, or serious suicidal act with clear
expectation of death.
DSM-IV-TR Axis
Module 30: Introduction to Psychological Disorders
Labeling Disorders
Labeling Stigmas
• Studies show a clear bias against people
diagnosed with mental disorders.
•Thomas Eagleton and George McGovern 1972
The End
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Teacher Information
• Domain Coding
– Just as the textbook is organized around the APA National Standards,
these Powerpoints are coded to those same standards. Included at the
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National Standards.
• Scientific Inquiry Domain
• Biopsychology Domain
• Development and Learning Domain
• Social Context Domain
• Cognition Domain
• Individual Variation Domain
• Applications of Psychological Science Domain
• Key Terms and Definitions in Red
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definitions are printed in red. To maintain consistency, the definitions on
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Teacher Information
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• Please feel free to contact me at [email protected] with any
questions, concerns, suggestions, etc. regarding these presentations.
Kent Korek
Germantown High School
Germantown, WI 53022
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