Transcript PSYC550 Schizophrenia, Mood, and Anxiety

PSYC550
Biological Bases of Behavior
Schizophrenia, Mood, and Anxiety
Schizophrenia
• seasonality effect
– The increased incidence of schizophrenia in people
born during late winter and early spring.
• hypofrontality
– Decreased activity of the prefrontal cortex; believed to
be responsible for the negative symptoms of
schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia
• chlorpromazine
– A dopamine receptor blocker; a commonly prescribed
antischizophrenic drug.
• tardive dyskinesia
– A movement disorder that can occur after prolonged
treatment with antipsychotic medication, characterized
by involuntary movements of the face and neck.
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Major Affective Disorders
• lithium
– A chemical element; lithium carbonate is used to treat
bipolar disorder.
• monoamine hypothesis
– A hypothesis that states that depression is caused by a
low level of activity of one or more monoaminergic
synapses.
• precursor (tryptophan) depletion/loading
• Hyperthyroidism/Hypothyroidism
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Major Affective Disorders
• seasonal affective disorder
– A mood disorder characterized by depression, lethargy,
sleep disturbances, and craving for carbohydrates during
the winter season when days are short.
• summer depression
– A mood disorder that occurs specifically in the summer;
characterized by depression, sleep disturbances, and loss
of appetite.
• phototherapy
– Treatment of seasonal affective disorder by daily
exposure to bright light.
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Anxiety Disorders
• obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
– A mental disorder characterized by obsessions and
compulsions.
• obsession
– An unwanted thought or idea with which a person is
preoccupied.
• compulsion
– The feeling that one is obliged to perform a behavior,
even if one prefers not to do so.
Anxiety Disorders
• Tourette’s syndrome
– A neurological disorder characterized by tics and
involuntary vocalizations and sometimes by compulsive
uttering of obscenities and repetition of the utterances
of others.
• cingulotomy
– The surgical destruction of the cingulum bundle, which
connects the prefrontal cortex with the limbic system;
helps reduce intense anxiety and the symptoms of
obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Which of the following medical
conditions is well-known for
mimicking Anxiety?
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Hyperthyroidism
Gout
Kidney Dysfunction
B6 Deficiency
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Which of the following is the most
worrisome side effect of classical
antipsychotics?
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Hypersalivation
Serotonin Syndrome
Sedation
Tardive Dyskenesia
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Questions? Thoughts?