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Schizophrenia
By: Khergtin Sanchez
Period 4
Associated Features
Schizophrenia- Mental disorder that is characterized by
disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and
inappropriate emotions and actions.
The primary symptoms are called the four A’s:
Ambivalence
Affect
Association
Autism
Associated Features
There are 5 subtypes:
Paranoid type
There are 2 types:
I.
Reactive or acute
schizophrenia
II.
Process schizophrenia
Catatonic type
Disorganized type
Undifferentiated type
Residual type
Associated Features
Positive symptoms:
Negative symptoms:
- hallucinations
- toneless voices
- talk in disorganized
and deluded ways
- expressionless faces
-exhibit inappropriate
laughter, tears, or rage
Positive is the presence of
inappropriate behavior
- mute and rigid bodies
Negative is the absence of
inappropriate behaviors
Associated Features
In Schizophrenia There is a marked disturbance, lasting at least 6
months, and includes at least 1 month of active symptoms
Phases of schizophrenia:
-Active
-Prodromal
- Residual
Associated Features
DSM-IV-TR Criteria
A .Characteristic symptoms: Two or more of the following,
each present for a significant portion of time during a onemonth period: delusions hallucinations disorganized
speech (e.g., frequent derailment or incoherence) grossly
disorganized or catatonic behavior negative symptoms (i.e.,
affective flattening, alogia, or abolition). Note Only one
Criterion A symptom is required if delusions are bizarre or
hallucinations consist of a voice keeping up a running
commentary on the person's behavior or thoughts, or
two or more voices conversing with each other.
B. Social/occupational dysfunction: Since the onset of the
disturbance, one or more major areas of functioning, such
as work, interpersonal relations, or self-care, are markedly
below the level previously achieved.
Associated Features
C. Duration: Continuous signs of the disturbance persist for at least
six months. This six-month period must include at least one month
of symptoms (or less if successfully treated) that meet Criterion A.
D. Exclusion of schizoaffective disorder and mood disorder with
psychotic features.
E. Substance/general medical condition exclusion: the disturbance
is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a
drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition.
F. Relationship to a pervasive developmental disorder: If there is a
history of autistic disorder or another pervasive development
disorder, the diagnosis of schizophrenia is made only if prominent
delusions or hallucinations are also present for at least a month (or
less if successfully treated).
Prevalence
How common is Schizophrenia?
- Nearly 1 in 100 people will develop this
disorder
-Strikes as young people are maturing into
adulthood
-affects both male and female
-but tends to focus more on young men
(18-25)
- females (25-mid thirties) age could vary
widely
- inheriting: 5% to 10% individual risk for
the offspring
Etiology
It is unknown how these causes interact with each other
- there are genetics that could be inherited which could
be combined with environmental experiences as well
with stressors (perceived threat in our lives, things we
can’t control)
Treatment
Psychotherapy ( help individual with their
medication) get involved in activities
Medication (antipsychotic, antidepressant, and anti
anxiety medication)
Coping Guidelines ( support them)
Self-help (overlooked by medical professions)
medication control, difficult time in social situations
Prognosis
Although some patients recover from a single episode,
the rest remain ill and unable to work for life, but
recovery is possible
Early intervention could improve outcome
For every 5 people who develop Schizophrenia:
- 1 will get better within five years of their first episode
- 3 will get better, but will still have symptoms, time
were symptoms get worse
- 1 will still have troublesome symptoms
References
Halign, R.P, & Whitbourne, S.K. (2005).
Abnormal
psychology: clinical perspectives on psychological disorders. New
York, NY: McGraw Hill
Myers, D.G. (2011). Myers’ Psychology for ap. New York, NY:
Worth Publisher
Smith, T. (2009, 02, 21). Your health: inherited risk of
schizophrenia. Richmond Times-Dispatch (VA). Retrieved
from Newspaper Source database.
Discussion
Do you think that Schizophrenia could lead
to suicide?