Transcript PDD presentation! - Pemberton Counseling has changed

Pervasive Developmental
Disorders
a broad base of developmental
impairment of social interactions and
communication associated with
stereotyped behavior
Brief History
 1964
Dr. Bernard Rimland published
Infantile Autism
 1944 Asperger’s recognized as a condition
 1908 child disintegrative disorder was
uncovered
 Autism was the only defined disorder
included in the DSM III in 1980
Prevalence vs. Incidence
 Prevalence
is the number of cases with
the disorder at a specific time
 Incidence are the rate of new cases with
the disorder within a period of time
 Parameters for PDD detections have not
been held constant over an extended
period of time
Prevalence Estimates
 Prevalence
of PDD range between 30 and
60 cases per 10,000 individuals
 Autism - 2 to 20 cases in 10,000
 Asperger’s - 2.5 cases per 10,000
 Rett’s - 1 case in 10,000
 CDD - 1 case in every 50,000 individuals
 PDD-NOS - 20 cases in every 10,000
Autism
 before
the age of three
 social domain is the area that is most
impaired along with general perceptual
and cognitive learning mechanisms
Asperger’s
 Differentiated
from Autism in that there are
no general delays or retardation in
language or cognitive development
 retardation is usually not observed
 Is Asperger’s its own separate disorder or
a shade on the Autistic spectrum
Rett’s Disorder
 A mutation
in the Methyl Cytosine Binding
Protein 2 (MECP2) found in X
chromosome
 period of normal development early on
followed by a distinct pattern of deficits
Child Disintegrative Disorder
 period
of normal development for at least
2 years but no more than 10
 marked regression in language, social
skills, play, bowel and bladder control,
motor skills and adaptive behavior
 prognosis for CDD is worse than that of
Autism
PDD - NOS
 Disorders
that fall outside of the strict
criteria of the other PDDs (Atypical Autism)
 PDD-NOS are difficult to diagnose
because of the lack of clear criteria
Tests
 Checklist
for Autism in Toddlers
 Autism Screening Questionnaire
 Social Responsiveness Scale
 Children’s Communication Checklist
 The Autism Diagnostic Interview – Revised
 Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule
 A single test alone cannot diagnose
Prognosis
 Spectrum
disorder, variety of outcomes
 High-functioning – low-functioning
 Independent and successful and make the
best of their deficits
 Assistance with basic life activities
Treatment
 No
cure for any of the PDDs
 lessen the severity individual’s symptoms
 Early intervention is important
 The sooner the affected individual can
begin working on skills that may
compensate for the deficits and improve
their quality of life
Treatment
 INDIVIDUALIZE
TREATMENT!!
 Meet the child where they are at with their
disorder and progress from there
 Play to the strengths of the client and
concentrate not on what they cannot do
but what they can
 wide variety of treatment options, there is
something for everyone
Pharmacological
 Anti-psychotics
 SRI’s
 Stimulants
 Andrenoceptor Agonist
 Opiate Agonist
 Vitamins
(A, B1, B3, B5, C)
 Diet (gluten and casein free)
Behavioral and Psycho-Educational
 Applied
Behavior Analysis
 Treatment and Education of Autistic and
Related Communication Handicapped
Children
 Picture Exchange Communication Systems
 Pivotal Response Treatment
 Social stories, written cues, video tapes
 Peer interaction groups
Specialized Therapies
 Physical
Therapy
 Occupational Therapy
 Speech Therapy
 Art Therapy
 Music Therapy
 Animal Assisted Therapy
Non-traditional
 Aversive
Stimulation at Judge Rotenberg
Center
 a graduated electronic decelerator, or
G.E.D. It is used to administer an electric
skin shock when children engage in
aggressive or self-injurious behavior
Local Support Groups
Autism Society of America
Chapter – Lexington
(859) 299-9000
 Kentuckiana Chapter – Pewee Valley
(502) 222-4706
 Western Kentucky Chapter – Henderson
(270) 826-0510
 Bluegrass
Activity
 Many
art therapists work with clients who
have an autistic disorder. Art therapy is a
beneficial form of treatment for working
with individuals who have autism and
related disabilities.
 Practice drawing schemas
 Look at graphic development
 Art is a nonverbal symbolic way to express
him or herself
References
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American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth
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