Transcript Intro to Psychological Disorders

Intro to Psychological
Disorders
CHAPTER 16
Why are we so interested in
psychological disorders?
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Chances are, we have all been affected by a
psych disorder in some way.
1 in 2 will develop one.
Psychological disorders are found
throughout every culture…EXCEPT NativeAmerican group of Pacific Northwest, One
African Tribe.
Most popular course in college. We find
interest in the abnormal.
Re. p. 619
Early Treatment of those
with psychological disorders
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Many viewed those with psychological
disorders as being demon possessed
Mistreated and oftentimes locked up
Seen as incurable.
The Medical Model
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VIDEO- For the incurable
The Medical Model changed society’s
paradigm (viewpoint) on mental illness
as a curable disease (just like a
physical disease).
ACTIVITY
What is a Mental Illness ?
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Decide whether each of the following
is a mental illness or not.
How can we determine if
someone has a
psychological disorder?
How can we define
psychological disorder?
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Unjustifiable (Irrational) – does not make
sense to the average person.
Ex.- Hearing voices that don’t exist
(hallucinations)
Ex.- Depressed people thinking “I’m worthless,
nobody likes me”.
Maladaptive (Dysfunctional) – harmful
and/or disturbing to the individual
A key factor in determining if there is a psychological
disorder
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Ex. Agoraphobia (Benchwarmers).
Ex. Alcoholism
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Atypical (Deviant) – not statistically shared by
many members of the population or culturally
defined.
Ex. Male wearing an earring 40 yrs ago. (era)
Ex. Male wearing a kilt.
Cannot be the only criterion … consider a genius and
Olympic athlete.
Disturbing (Distressful?) – Violation of social
norms in a bizarre and disturbing manner.
Ex. Zoophilia (sexual attraction to animals)
Cannot be the only criterion … a person who does not
bathe, one who invades personal space
YOUTUBE- What is a psychological Disorder
DSM-IV TR
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We need a method to classify
psychological disorders – the
DSM is the most used and
accepted method
American Psychiatric
Association’s Diagnostic
and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders 4th
Edition
DSM - IV – TR (Text
Revision) – Revised in
2000. DSM – V is expected
in 2013.
DSM
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NOTE: the word “insane” is a legal term, not
a medical term – means not held legally
responsible for actions.
DSM includes a set a diagnostic criteria as
well as a description of the disorders and
their prevalence
The DSM does NOT include information
about etiology (causes)
Provides a common ground for mental
health professionals to diagnose
DSM IV-TR
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Criteria for Major Depressive Disorder
(aka Unipolar): 3 or more of the
following symptoms for 4 or more
weeks: (actual list longer)
5% weight gain or loss,
feeling hopelessness/worthlessness
insomnia/hypersomnia
loss of interest in pleasurable
activities.
DSM IV and Borderline
Personality Disorder
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What is Borderline Personality
Disorder? – YouTube
Girl Interrupted- A. Jolie
Is this a disorder?
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What’s classified as a disorder has
changed over time…
– 1952-1973 – homosexuality was a mental
disorder
– Should ADHD or narcissism be a
psychological disorder?
Children who are distractible (have
inattention), restless (hyperactivity), difficulty
taking turns (impulsive)
 Is this a disorder or rambunctiousness?
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Labeling
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DEPRESSED
MULTIPLE PERSONALITIES
The Impact of Labeling those with
Mental Disorders
– Labels affect how we perceive one
another.
– Impact of self-fulfilling prophecy
– Stereotypes, Stigmatism
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HW: Read “On Being Sane in Insane
Places” – David Rosenhan
INSANE
Labeling and the
David Rosenhan Study
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Experiment with pseudopatients
(Confederates) asking to be voluntarily
admitted into mental hospitals by
saying their symptoms are that they
are hearing voices saying “empty,
hollow, thud”.
Avg. stay was 19 days with a diagnosis
of “schizophrenia in remission”
Rosenhan Study
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One pseudo patient remained 45 days
before being released.
All received few or no visitors (stigma)
In 2nd study he told staff that there
would be pseudopatients coming and
they had to try to guess who is real.
Video-Rosenhan core study