Transcript Abnormal Psychology Second Canadian Edition

Abnormal
Psychology
Second Canadian Edition
Gerald C. Davison
John M. Neale
Kirk R. Blankstein
Gordon L. Flett
Prepared by:
Traci McFarlane
Chapter 11
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia
• Schizophrenia

Psychotic disorder characterized by major
disturbances in thought, emotion, and
behaviour
 Disordered thinking in which ideas are not
logically related, faulty perception and
attention, flat or inappropriate affect, and
bizarre disturbances in motor activity
Clinical Symptoms of Schizophrenia
• Positive symptoms

Excesses or distortions
 Disorganized speech (thought disorder)
• Incoherence
• Loose associations

Delusions
 Hallucinations
Clinical Symptoms of Schizophrenia
• Negative symptoms






Behavioural deficits
Avolition
Alogia
Anhedonia
Flat affect
Asociality
Clinical Symptoms of Schizophrenia
• Other symptoms

Catatonia
• Catatonic immobility
• Waxy flexibility

Inappropriate affect
Differential Diagnosis
•
•
•
•
•
•
Mood disorders
Schizoaffective disorder
Personality disorders
Schizophreniform disorder
Brief psychotic episode
Delusional disorder
Categories of Schizophrenia in
DSM-IV
• Disorganized schizophrenia
• Catatonic schizophrenia
• Paranoid schizophrenia

Delusions of persecution
 Grandiose delusions
 Delusional jealousy
 Ideas of reference
• Evaluation of the subtypes

Undifferentiated schizophrenia
 Residual schizophrenia
Etiology of Schizophrenia
• Genetic data

Family studies
 Twin studies
 Adoption studies
Etiology of Schizophrenia
• Biochemical factors

Dopamine activity
The Brain and Schizophrenia
Etiology of Schizophrenia
• Psychological stress

Social class and schizophrenia
• Sociogenic hypothesis
• Social-selection theory

The family and schizophrenia
• Schizophrenic mother
• Expressed emotion (EE)
Therapies for Schizophrenia
•
•
•
•
Biological treatments
Psychological treatments
Case management
Study by Paul & Lentz (1977)

Social learning ward
 Milieu therapy ward
 Routine hospital managment
Biological Treatments
• Shock and psychosurgery

Prefrontal lobotomy
• Drug Therapies






Phenothiazine: Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
Butyrophenones: Haloperidol (Haldol)
Thioxanthene: Thiothixene (Navane)
Tricyclic dibenzodiazepine: Clozapine
(Clozaril)
Thienbenzodiazepine: Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
Benzisoxazole: Risperidone (Risperdal)
Psychological Treatments
• Psychodynamic therapies
• Social-skills training
• Family therapy and reducing expressed
emotion






Educating about schizophrenia
Information about medication
Avoiding blaming
Improving communication and problem-solving
Encouraging expanded social contacts
Instilling hope that things can improve
Psychological Treatments
• Cognitive behavioural therapy





Reframe psychosis
Identify triggers for psychosis
Reduce physiological arousal
Enhance coping skills
Modification of beliefs
• Personal therapy
• Reattribution therapy
• Attending to basic cognitive function
Therapies for Schizophrenia
• Case management

Assertive Community Treatment (ACT)
• General trends in treatment

Families and patients can be given realistic
and scientifically sound information
 Medication is only part of treatment
 Early intervention affects course and
treatment
 Integrated treatment is not widely available
Copyright
Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. All rights reserved.
Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Access
Copyright (The Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency) is unlawful.
Requests for further information should be addressed to the Permissions
Department, John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. The purchaser may make
back-up copies for his or her own use only and not for distribution or
resale. The author and the publisher assume no responsibility for errors,
omissions, or damages caused by the use of these programs or from the
use of the information contained herein.