Transcript Attachment Theory & Cider House Rules

Attachment
Theory
& the
Cider House
Rules
Maureen Mack, Ph.D.
Curriculum & Instruction
University of Wisconsin – Eau Claire
Overview
 Definitions
 Types
of Secure/Insecure Attachment
of Disordered Attachment
 Effects
of Attachment Quality & Trauma
on the Developing Brain
 Treatment
and Strategies
Definition of
Secure Attachment
Secure attachment is an enduring affective
bond characterized by a tendency to seek
and maintain proximity to a specific
person, particularly when under stress.
– Ainsworth and Bowlby
Characteristics of Secure Attachment
 Deep,
long lasting, emotional attachment
 Influences
mind, body, emotions, relationships,
and values (Levy)
 Positive
affect on self-esteem, independence,
enduring relationships, empathy, compassion, and
resiliency
Critical Aspect of Attachment
Emotional
Sensitivity—
appropriate parental
emotional expression
and reception. EA
qualities can be
observed in parents of
children of any age.
Secure Attachment
Secure
Attachment
=
Parents + Child
Instinctual urge to attach rooted
in evolution
Definition of
Attachment Disorder
Attachment disorder is the inability to form
loving, lasting intimate relationships
Characteristics of
Attachment Disorder
 Lack
of reciprocal behavior
 Rights
violations
 Frequent
 Lack
aggressive and destructive acts
of remorse
Examples of
Secure-Insecure Attachment
Homer
View Movie Clip from website (9,507 kb .wmv)
Examples of
Secure-Insecure Attachment
Bedtime
at the
Orphanage
View Movie Clip from website (4,131 kb .wmv)
Small Group Exercise 1
Overview
 Definitions
 Types
of Secure/Insecure Attachment
of Disordered Attachment
 Effects
of Attachment Quality & Trauma on the
Developing Brain
 Treatment
and Strategies
Types of Insecure Attachment
Ambivalent
Avoidant
Disorganized
Ambivalent
• Cling, withdraw in
unfamiliar
environment
• Separation anxiety
• Rejects efforts to
comfort, sooth
Avoidant
• Pseudo independence
and self-sufficiency
• Rejects or avoids
comforting
• Unaffected by close,
intimate contacts
Disorganized
• Most serious form
• No consistent strategy
for comfort-seeking
• Depression,
motor-freezing, and
disassociation
Insecure Attachment Continuum
Mild
Severe
Common Causes
of Disorder Attachment
 Abuse
Mild
 Neglect
 Addiction
 Multiple
out of home placements
 Parental
death/loss
Severe
Hard Being An Orphan
View Movie Clip from website (5,530 kb .wmv)
Characteristics
Behavioral
Emotional
Characteristics
Thought
Relational
Characteristics
Physical
Moral/Spiritual
Small Group Exercise 2
Overview
 Definitions
 Types
of Secure/Insecure Attachment
of Disordered Attachment
 Effects
of Attachment Quality & Trauma on the
Developing Brain
 Treatment
and Strategies
Brain Development
Normal
Altered
Brain Development
Fetal—first 2 years—most rapid growth;
quality of caretaking impacts brain
Alarm Reactions
Normal
Alter chemical wiring
Traumatized infants/children
Altered
Neurobehavioral problems
Attachment Disorder and ADHD
Bonding Breaks
Attachment Deficits
Symptoms of ADHD
Small Group Exercise 3
Homer Returns
View Movie Clip from website (19,304 kb .wmv)
Overview
 Definitions
 Types
of Secure/Insecure Attachment
of Disordered Attachment
 Effects
of Attachment Quality & Trauma on the
Developing Brain
 Treatment
and Strategies
Treatment
 Create
attachment patterns
 Systemic approach to ward against triangulation
 Holistic-integrative approaches
 Revisit, revise, revitalize
 Relationship healing
Strategies for Developing
Secure Attachments
 Reciprocal
behaviors between child and adult
 Respectful
eye contact, body language
 Respectful verbal language
 Calming, soothing, nurturing responses
 Claiming behaviors
 Physical proximity and touching
 Careful, deliberate listening
 Accepting limits - boundaries
Strategies for Developing
Secure Attachments
 Climate
 Ease
and Relational
and spontaneity in words and movements
 Comfort in compliments, affection, appreciation
 Harmony in words and actions
 Preserve harmony and dignity under stress
Strategies for Developing
Secure Attachments
 Classroom
Environment/Structure
 Rationality
 Realism
 Intuitiveness
 Creativity
 Admit
and correct mistakes
 Benevolence and cooperativeness
Strategies for Developing
Secure Attachments

Specific Instruction and Intervention Approaches

Family Bereavement Program

Character trait assessment through literature

Integration of Search Institute External/Internal Asset Checklist
into curriculum, lessons activities

Role model unit

Share personal feelings and stories

Create and maintain safe, non-judgmental
instructional environment

Teacher Assistance Programs
Small Group Exercise 4
References
Ainsworth, M. D. S., & Wittig, B. A. (1969). Attachment and the exploratory behavior
of one year olds in a strange situation. In B. M. Foss (Ed.), Determinants of infant behavior
(Vol. 4, pp. 113-136). London: Metheun.
Gallup, G. H., Moore, D. W., & Schussel, R. (1995). Disciplining children in America: A
Gallup Poll Report. Princeton, NJ: The Gallup Organization.
Irving, John. (1999). The Cider House Rules. Modern Library: ISBN: 0679603352
Lach, J. (1997). Facilitating developmental attachment: The road to emotional recover
and behavioral change in foster and adopted children. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson.
Levy, Terry, M. (editor). (2000). Handbook of Attachment Interventions. San Diego:
California.
Lyons-Ruth, K., Alpern, L., & Repacholi, B. (1993). Disorganized infant attachment
classification and maternal psychosocial problems as predictors of hostile-aggressive behavior
in the preschool classroom. Child Development, 64, 572-585.
Main, M., & Solomon, J. (1990). Procedures for identifying infants as
disorganized/disoriented during the Ainsworth Strange Situation. In M. Greenberg, D.
Cicchetti, & E. M. Cummings (Eds.), Attachment in the preschool years: Theory, research,
and intervention (pp. 121-160). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Perry, B. D., Pollard, R., Blakely, T., Baker, W., & Vigilante, D. (1995). Childhood
trauma, the neurobiology of adaptation and “use-dependent” development of the brain: How
“states” become “traits”. Infant Mental Health Journal, 16(4), 271-291.
Terr, L. A. (1991). Chihood traumas: An outline and overview. American Journal of
Psychiatry, 148, 1-20.
The Cider House Rules. (1999). Miramax Films.
Questions
Thanks for Coming!
Maureen Mack, Ph.D.
[email protected]
University of Wisconsin – Eau Claire