Transcript Chapter 4 Developmental Psych Part III

Adolescence
(Halloween Special)
The transition period from
childhood to adulthood.
Physical Development
• It all begins with puberty
Puberty: the period of sexual
maturation, during which a
person becomes capable of
reproducing.
Body Changes at Puberty
Primary Sexual Characteristics
• The body structures that make sexual reproduction
possible
Ovaries
Testicles
Vagina
Penis
Secondary Sexual Characteristics
• Nonreproductive sexual characteristics
Female breasts
Deepening of male voice
Body hair
Widening of the Hips
When does puberty start?
The Landmarks
• First ejaculation for boys
•Menarche for girls
Do we remember these things?
Puberty
Sequence is way more predictable than the
timing.
How might timing differences effect an adolescent socially?
Cognitive Development
• Have the ability to reason but…….
•The reasoning is self-focused. Assume that their
experiences are unique.
•Experience formal operational thought
Puberty, What’s That???
Social Development
It’s all about forming an
identity!!!
Identity
• One’s sense of self.
• The idea that an adolescent’s
job is to find oneself by
testing various roles.
• Comes from Erik Erikson’s
stages of Psychosocial
development.
Identity
• Some teenagers take their identity
early by sharing their parents’ values
and expectations.
• Some teenagers will adopt a negative
identity- opposition to society, but
conform to a peer group.
Intimacy
• Towards the end of adolescence,
intimacy becomes the prime goal.
• Can you list the intimacy
differences between men and
women?
Trust vs. Mistrust
Age
Birth - 18
months
Important
Event
Feeding
Description
Infants form a
loving, trusting
relationship with
parents; they
also learn to
mistrust others.
Autonomy vs. Shame and
Doubt
Age
18 months - 3
Years
Important
Event
Toilet
Training
Description
Child's energies
are directed toward
physical skills:
walking, grasping,
and toilet training.
The child learns
control along with
a healthy dose of
shame and doubt.
Initiative vs. Guilt
Age
3-6
Years
Important
Event
Description
Independence Child becomes
more assertive,
takes more
initiative,
becomes more
forceful.
Competence vs. Inferiority
Age
6 - 12 Years
Important
Description
Event
The child must
School
deal with demands
to learn new skills
while risking a
sense of inferiority
and failure
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Age
Important
Description
Event
Adolescence Peers
Teens must
achieve selfidentity while
deciphering their
roles in
occupation,
politics, and
religion.
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Age
Young
Adult
Important
Event
Description
Relationships The young adult
must develop
marriage-seeking
relationships while
combating
feelings of
isolation.
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Age
Important
Event
Description
Middle Adult Parenting Assuming the
role of parents
signifies the
need to continue
the generations
while avoiding
the inevitable
feeling of failure.
Integrity vs. Despair
Age
Late Adult
Important
Description
Event
Life
Acceptance of
Reflection one's lifetime
accomplishments
and sense of
fulfillment.
Adulthood
Early Adulthood
Middle Adulthood
Late Adulthood
Physical Milestones
• Menopause: the natural ending of a
woman’s ability to reproduce.
• There are physical symptoms led by a
lack of estrogen.
•What psychological effects can
menopause have?
Men do not experience anything like menopause.
Men can pretty much produce sperm forever.
Life Expectancy
• Life Expectancy keeps increasing- now
about 75.
•Women outlive men by about 4 years.
•But more men are conceived: 126 to 100
•More men are birthed: 105 to 100
•In other words, men die easier.
Health
• Bad news: As we get older our immune
system weakens, thus we become more
susceptible to life threatening ailments
(cancer).
• Good News: Because we are older, we
build up a collection of antibodies
throughout the years. So therefore, we get
minor colds less often.
Age and Driving
• The brain processes information at
slower speeds.
Alzheimer’s Disease
• A progressive and irreversible brain
disorder characterized by gradual
deterioration of memory, language and
physical functioning.
• Runs its course in 5 to 20 years.
• Deterioration of neurons that produce the
neurotransmitter…. Acetylcholine
Estrogen supplements may stop the onset of
Alzheimer’s Disease.
Cognitive Changes
• We tend to remember events from our
teens and twenties.
• Difference between recognition and recall.
Recognition remains stable. Recall
declines with old age.
Do old People Get Stupid?
• Cross-sectional studies show decline.
• Longitudinal Studies show consistency.
What is the difference?
Cross-sectional studies: study with people of
different ages studied at the same time.
Longitudinal Studies: same people studied and
retested over a period of time.
But there are different types
of intelligence.
• Crystallized intelligence: one’s
accumulated knowledge and verbal skills;
tends to increase with age.
Fluid Intelligence: one’s ability to reason
speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease
during late adulthood.
Social Development of Adults
Social Clock
Culturally preferred
timing of certain events.
Love and Marriage
• What kind of marriages work?
5 to 1 ratio of positive to negative
interactions.
Elizabeth Kubler-Roth:
5 Stages of Dying
•
•
•
•
•
Denial: no freakin way this is happing to me!
Anger: How dare god let this happen- this is BS!!!
Bargaining: Just let me live to see my son get
married.
Depression: I cannot deal with this! What is my family
going to do without me?
Acceptance: I am ready; I do not want to fight this
anymore.