Transcript Slide 1 - Barrington 220

Psychological Disorders
Personality Disorders
Personality Disorders
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Inflexible and enduring patterns of behavior
that impair one’s social functioning
Cluster A: Eccentric behavior
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Schizoid personality disorder
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Schizotypal personality disorder
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detachment from social relationships and a restricted
range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings
marked by acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity
for, close relationships as well as by cognitive or
perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior
Paranoid personality disorder
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distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their
motives are interpreted as malevolent
Cluster B: Dramatic or Impulsive
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histrionic personality disorder
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narcissistic personality disorder
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shallow, attention-getting emotions and goes to great
lengths to gain others’ praise and reassurance
exaggerate their own importance, aided by success
fantasies
borderline personality disorder
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unstable identity, unstable relationships, and unstable
emotions
Cluster C: Anxiety
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Avoidant personality disorder
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Dependent personality disorder
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social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and
hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive
and clinging behavior and fears of separation
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
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preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental
and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility,
openness, and efficiency
Antisocial Personality Disorder
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Formerly called a sociopath or a psychopath
Typically male whose lack of conscience
becomes evident before age 15
“feel little and fear little”
Express little regret over violating others’
rights
Impulsive, uninhibited, low in anxiety
A fearless approach to life
Antisocial Personality Disorder
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Behaviors in childhood
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lying, stealing, fighting
Behaviors in adulthood
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unable to keep a job
irresponsible spouse and parent
assaultive or otherwise criminal
when combined with a sharp intellect the result
may be a con artist
Antisocial Personality Disorders
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Biological and Psychological origins
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Linked to lower levels of stress arousal
tendency to be unconcerned with social rewards
lacking a sense of social responsibility
reduced activity in frontal lobe
Somatoform Disorders
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Distressing symptoms take a somatic (bodily)
form without apparent physical causes
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Conversion disorder
Hypochodriasis
Dissociative Disorders
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Disorder of consciousness in which a person
appears to experience a sudden loss of
memory or change in identity, often in
response to an overwhelmingly stressful
situation
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Amnesia
Fugue
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Mood Disorders
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Disorders characterized by emotional
extremes
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Major depressive disorder – prolonged
hopelessness and lethargy
Bi-polar disorder – alternating between
depression and mania, an overexcited, hperactive
state.
Schizophrenia
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A split from reality that shows itself in
disorganized thinking, disturbed perceptions,
and inappropriate emotions and actions.