Transcript Interrater and Test-Retest Reliability

Personality Disorders
Interrater and Test-Retest Reliability
Interrater
Reliability
Test-Retest
Reliability
Paranoid
.75
.57
Schizoid
.83
Schizotypal
.82
.11
Borderline
.89
.56
Histrionic
.81
.40
Narcissistic
.83
.32
Antisocial
.88
.84
Dependent
.89
.15
Avoidant
.82
.41
Obsessive-complusive
.82
.52
Diagnosis
Odd/Eccentric Cluster
 Paranoid Personality Disorder - suspicious of people,
preoccupied with unjustified doubts about the loyalty or
trustworthiness of others. Reluctant to confide in others
and tend to blame others and hold grudges.
 Schizoid Personality Disorder - does not desire or enjoy
social relationships and usually has no close friends. Is
aloof and has no warm, tender feelings for other people.
 Schizotypal Personality Disorder - have the interpersonal
difficulties of the schizoid personality and excessive social
anxiety that does not diminish with familiarity. They have
some symptoms that define schizophrenia, including odd
beliefs or magical thinking, and recurrent illusions. They
may have paranoid ideation and ideas of reference.
Dramatic/Erratic Cluster
 Borderline Personality Disorder - instability in
relationships, mood and self-image - argumentative, irritable,
sarcastic, quick to take offense, and altogether very hard to
live with - tend to have a series of intense one-on-one
relationships that are usually stormy and transient, alternating
between idealization and devaluation
 Histrionic Personality Disorder - formerly called hysterical
personality, is applied to people who are overly dramatic and
attention seeking. These people are thought to be
emotionally shallow.
 Narcissistic Personality Disorder - have a grandiose view
of their own uniqueness and abilities; they are preoccupied
with fantasies of great success.
Antisocial Personality Disorder
 Two major components: (1) conduct disorder before 15 yrs,
(2) continuation of pattern into adulthood.
 Individuals with APD shows irresponsibility and antisocial
behavior by working only inconsistently, breading laws,
being irritable and physically aggressive, defaulting on
debts, and being reckless.
 Psychopathy - consists of emotional detachment (selfish,
remorseless individual with inflated self-esteem who exploits
others) and antisocial lifestyle.
 75 to 80% of convicted felons meet the criteria for APD, but
only 25% meet the criteria of Psychopathy.
Anxious/Fearful Cluster
 Avoidant Personality Disorder - are keenly sensitive to the
possibility of criticism, rejection, or disapproval and are
therefore reluctant to enter into relationships unless they are
sure they will be liked. They believe they are incompetent and
inferior to others and typically exaggerate the risks involved in
activities outside their usual routine.
 Dependent Personality Disorder - lack self-confidence and
self-reliance. Allow others to assume responsibility for
important decisions. An intense “need” to be taken care of.
 Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder - perfectionist,
preoccupied with details, rules, schedules, and the like. These
people often pay so much attention to detail they never finish
projects. Work rather than pleasure oriented.
Therapies for Personality Disorders
 Psychoactive drugs used to treat the Axis I problems the
disorder resembles.
 Psychodynamic therapists attempt to correct the childhood
problems assumed to underlie the personality disorder
 Cognitive Therapists (e.g., Beck, Ellis) attempt to correct
the logical errors and dysfunctional schema characteristic
of the disorders
 Therapies for Borderline Personality Disorder
– Object Relations Psychotherapy
– Dialectical Behavior Therapy - Marsha Linehan
 Psychopathy thought to be impossible to treat. Keep in
prison until they settle down as they approach age 40