Birdy-PTSD History Powerpoint
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Transcript Birdy-PTSD History Powerpoint
Birdy
Stars
Nicolas Cage
Matthew Modine
Director: Alan Parker
Angela's Ashes, Evita, Bugsy Malone
The Road to Wellville, The Commitments,
Mississippi Burning, Midnight Express,
Pink Floyd The Wall, Fame
Birdy
Based on 1978 Novel
By William Wharton
Born Albert William du Aime
UCLA: B.A. Art;Psychology Ph.D.
Died 10/29/2008
Novel about World War II Veterans
Movies from other novels:
“Dad” and “A Midnight Clear”
Agenda
Have fun
Watching movie
Learning
Joining conversation
After the movie..
PTSD Clinical issues, day-to-day veterans’
issues, cinematic considerations
Matt Miller, LCSW;Veterans Administration
--Clinical considerations
Tom Price, LCSW,Veteran, St. Patrick Center
--Realities for returned veterans
History of PTSD
DSM
posttraumatic stress disorder
ICD
post-traumatic stress disorder
Elsewhere,
post traumatic stress disorder
PTSD
Term created in the mid-1970s,
Officially added as Anxiety Disorder
DSM-III (1980)
DSM-5 (2013) created new category:
Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders
PTSD-like descriptions
Ancient Egypt
Greece
Rome
India
Elizabethan England
Herodotus
In battle of Marathon in 490 B.C.
Athenian warrior went permanently blind
although “wounded in no part of his body.”
When he saw nearby comrade killed
Oddysey
3-week trip home from the Trojan War
becomes a ten-year journey
To avoid dangers of Scylla and Charybdis,
do not resist the dangers (much as modern
trauma sufferers must overcome their
resistance to memories of the traumatic
stressors).
Oddysey
Sorceress Circe admonishes him,
"Do the works of war concern you
still, and toil?
He is tempted by Sirens
and the addictive lotus fruit
First Medical Terminology
Swiss Military Physicians-1678
melancholy
incessant thinking of home
disturbed sleep or insomnia
weakness
loss of appetite
anxiety
cardiac palpitations
stupor
Fever
First Medical Terminology
“Nostalgia”
Nostalgia
1863
Public outcry about numerous “insane
soldiers” wandering around
First military hospital for the insane
Most common diagnosis: Nostalgia.
French Doctors: maladie du pays,
(Disease of the Country)
German doctors: heimweh (Homesick)
American Civil War
military physicians diagnosed
paralysis
tremors
self-inflicted wounds
nostalgia
American Civil War
Jacob Mendes Da Costa-1871 Study
Identified “Soldier’s Heart”
(DaCosta’s Syndrome)severe palpitations;
an ailment of the sympathetic nervous
system
Soldiers on normal leave often collapsed
with emotional illness at home, even when
asymptomatic on duty
1901 Schreckneurosen
Bruns and Stierlin studied the
symptoms of survivors of volcanic
eruptions and mining accidents
they coined the term
"Schreckneurosen"- the terror
neuroses.
Russian Army of 1905
First army to determine that mental
collapse was a direct consequence of
the stress of war and to regard it as
a legitimate medical condition
German physician Honigman served
with Red Cross there, and coined the
term “war neurosis” [Kriegsneurose]
World War I
High psychiatric casualties attributed
to the new large-caliber artillery.
Believed the impact of the shells produced
a concussion
Thus the term “shell
shock”
Freud:“war neurosis”caused by conflict
between a soldier’s “war ego” and his
“peace ego.”
World War II
1945, Grinker and Spiegel :
“Combat… or Battle Stress”
“Combat Exhaustion”
“Acute combat reaction"
“Battle Fatigue”
1952 DSM-I
“Gross Stress Reaction”
…exposed to severe physical demands or
extreme emotional stress, such as in
combat or in civilian catastrophe (fire,
earthquake, explosion, etc)
[may be] “previously…normal”
The particular stress involved will be
specified as (1)combat or (2) civilian
catastrophe
DSM-II -1968
307.3 Adjustment Reaction of Adult
Life
[different coding for different life
stages]
Example: Fear associated with
military combat and manifested by
trembling, running, and hiding.
First Medical Terminology
“Nostalgia”
PTSD—Back to Today
Term created in the mid-1970s,
Officially added as Anxiety Disorder
DSM-III (1980)
DSM-5 (2013) created new category:
Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders
Clinical Considerations
In what ways was Al prepared and
unprepared for the stress of combat
before he joined the Army?
How should we diagnose Al, if at all?
How should we diagnose Birdy?
Does Birdy's behavior in the asylum
correspond with dissociation, or is it
more like a form of catatonia?
Clinical Considerations
How does Birdy’s pre-military
behavior relate to his postdeployment behavior, if at all?
Did the movie portray Birdy's preand post-deployment behaviors as
maladaptive coping, or someone "being
himself?"
Clinical Considerations
How does the movie portray the
treatment options available to these
two veterans in the Vietnam era, and
how has that changed today?
What's up with that ending?! What
does it mean, what does the writer
imply about the two men, and what's
going to happen to each of them?
Cinematic Considerations
Chris Clark, BA, Cinema St. Louis
You!
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