Transcript Abnormal Psychology Canadian Edition

PowerPoint Presentations to Accompany
Abnormal Psychology
Canadian Edition
Gerald C. Davison
John M. Neale
Kirk R. Blankstein
Gordon L. Flett
Prepared by Richard A. Davis
Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.
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chapter 15
Disorders of Childhood
Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.
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Disorders of Undercontrolled Behaviour
• Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
• Conduct disorder
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
• Symptoms
– Fidgets
– Difficulty remaining seated
– Easily distracted
– Difficulty waiting turn
– Blurts out answers
– Difficulty following instructions
– Difficulty sustaining attention
Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
• Symptoms
– Shifts from one uncompleted task to another
– Difficulty playing quietly
– Talks excessively
– Interrupts others
– Doesn’t seem to listen
– Loses things needed for tasks
– Engages in physically dangerous activities
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
• ADHD in the DSM-IV
– Children whose problems are primarily those
of poor attention
– Children whose difficulties result primarily
from hyperactive-impulsive behaviour
– Children who have both sets of problems
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
• Biological theories of ADHD
– Genetic factors
– Environmental toxins
• Psychological theories of ADHD
• Treatment of ADHD
– Stimulant drugs
– Psychological treatment
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Conduct Disorder
• Conduct Disorder
– Behaviours that violate the basic rights of
others and major societal norms
– Behaviour is illegal
• Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)
– Loses temper, argues with adults, refuses to
comply
– Angry, spiteful, touchy, vindictive
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Conduct Disorder
• Etiology of conduct disorder
– Biological factors
– Psychological factors
– Sociological factors
• Treatment of conduct disorder
– Family interventions
– Multisystemic treatment
Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.
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Learning Disabilities
• Learning disorders
• Communication disorders
• Motor skills disorders
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Learning Disorders
• Reading disorder (dyslexia)
– Difficulty with word recognition
• Disorder of written expression
– Impairment in the ability to compose written
word
• Mathematics disorder
– Difficulty recalling arithmetic facts, counting,
or aligning numbers in columns
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Communication Disorders
• Expressive language disorder
– Difficulty expressing oneself in speech
• Phonological disorder
– Difficulty with articulation
• Stuttering
– Disturbance in verbal fluency
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Motor Skills Disorder
• Motor skills disorder
– Developmental coordination disorder
– Impairment in the development of motor
coordination
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Mental Retardation
• Traditional criteria
– Intelligence test scores
– Adaptive functioning
– Age of onset
• Classification
– Mild mental retardation
– Moderate mental retardation
– Severe mental retardation
– Profound mental retardation
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Etiology of Mental Retardation
• No identifiable etiology
• Known biological etiology
– Genetic or chromosomal anomalies
• Down syndrome
• Fragile X syndrome
– Recessive-gene diseases
• Phenylketonuria (PKU)
• Infectious diseases
– Accidents
– Environmental hazards
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Prevention and Treatment
of Mental Retardation
• Environmental interventions and enrichment
programs
• Residential treatment
• Behavioural interventions based on operant
conditioning
– Applied behaviour analysis (ABA)
• Cognitive interventions
– Self-instructional training
• Computer-assisted instruction
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Autistic Disorder
• Autistic disorder
– Pervasive developmental disorder
– Rett’s disorder
– Asperger’s disorder
• Autism and mental retardation
• Extreme autistic aloneness
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Autistic Disorder
• Communication deficits
– Echolalia
– Pronoun reversal
• Obsessive-compulsive and ritualistic acts
• Prognosis for autistic disorder
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Etiology of Autistic Disorder
• Psychological bases
– Psychoanalytic theories
– Behavioural theory
– Evolution of psychological theories of
autistic disorder
• Biological bases
– Genetic factors
– Neurological factors
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Treatment of Autistic Disorder
• Special problems in treating children with
autism
• Behavioural treatment of children with autism
• Psychodynamic treatment of children with
autism
• Drug treatment of children with autism
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Disorders of Overcontrolled Behaviour
• Childhood fears and anxiety disorders
• Separation anxiety
– Unrealistic concern about separation
• School phobia
– Refusal to go to school
• Social phobia
– Intense anxiety in specific social situations
– Selective mutism
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Depression in Childhood and
Adolescence
• Symptoms and prevalence
– Masked depression
• Etiology
• Treatment
• Prevention
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End of chapter 15
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