Transcript Mental and Emotional Power Point

MENTAL AND
EMOTIONAL HEALTH
Defining Health and Wellness
WELL-BEING
A state of health and wellness.
People in a state of well-being.
 Feel good about their present
condition
 Are productive at school, work, and
home
 Do not have mental and physical
illnesses
DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH AND WELLNESS
Wellness is a balance of dimensions:
Physical
Emotional
Intellectual
Social
These dimensions interact with and
affect each other.
PHYSICAL HEALTH
• Refers to how well your body
functions
• Qualities of a healthy body
 Not slowed by disease
 Able to take part in activities of daily life
 Able to cope with stress, injury, and
aging
EMOTIONAL HEALTH
Emotional health includes:
 Your mood and how you feel about
yourself
 How you view the world
Good emotional health means:
 You are not affected by mental illness
 You can express thoughts and feelings
clearly
 You can cope well with stress
Many teens experience problems
with emotional health but may not
realize it.
INTELLECTUAL HEALTH
Intellectual health involves:
 Ability to think clearly and critically
 Ability to learn and solve problems
People who are intellectually
healthy are able to adapt, learn,
and grow.
SOCIAL HEALTH
Social health involves:
 Communication skills
 Relationships
 Ability to interact with others
Social skills and healthy
relationships help people enjoy life
and meet challenges.
A CONTINUUM OF HEALTH
The range of a person’s
health status can be
described as a continuum.
IDeally, health status
should be near optimal
health.
Diseases and disorders
can affect
the mind and body,
preventing optimal health.
1. What are some examples of factors that
increase health and wellness?
 Avoiding smoking, drinking, and drugs
 Eating a healthy diet and exercising
regularly
2. What are some examples of factors that
reduce health and wellness?
 Not getting enough sleep
 Inability to manage stress
Communication
COMMUNICATION SKILLS
I-message: expresses your feelings or
thoughts on a subject.
You-message is a statement that blames
or shames another person.
LISTENING SKILLS
Active listening is the way you respond
in conversation to show that you hear
and understand what the speaker is
saying.
Active listening includes
clarifying, restating,
summarizing, or
affirming what was
said.
ENVIRONMENT
• Positive Social-Emotional
exists when you receive plenty of socialemotional boosters.
• Negative Social-Emotional
Environment exists when you
experience too many social-emotional
pollutants.
• Resiliency: Able to bounce back
DECISION-MAKING
The decision-making
process can help you
make choices about
health and wellness.
• Setting health-related
goals is important for
improving your health
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
•Define the problem
•Explore alternatives
•Select the best option
•Act on your decision
•Evaluate the decision
Inactive Decision-Making Style
• A person who has an inactive decisionmaking style fails to make choices
• Teens who use this style have difficulty
gaining the self-confidence that would result
if they took responsibility for making
decisions when they should
Reactive Decision-Making Style
• Reactive decision-making style is a habit
in which a person allows others to make
his or her decisions.
• Teens using this style are easily
influenced by what others think and give
control of the direction of their lives to
others.
Proactive Decision-Making Style
• The proactive decision-making style when
a person describes the situation that
requires a decision, identifies and
evaluates possible decisions, makes a
decision, and takes responsibility for
the outcome.
• Teens who use this style are not driven by
circumstances and conditions, have
principles, and are empowered.
MAKING SENSE OF YOUR EMOTIONS
EMOTIONAL HEALTH
Emotions are the
moods or feelings you
experience.
Figuring out which
emotions you feel and
why can be difficult.
Both pleasant and
unpleasant emotions
are part of daily life.
MANAGING EMOTIONS
First, identify the emotions
you are feeling.
Second, try to acknowledge
and accept the emotions.
Third, express your
emotions.
Finally, find a way to make
yourself feel better.
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
People with high emotional
intelligence can identify the
emotions they are feeling.
They also understand the
emotions of others.
They have high levels of
empathy.
They are able to express their
emotions in healthy, positive
ways.
SELF-IMAGE
Your self-image is your mental
picture of yourself.
 Your appearance
 Your skills and abilities
 Your weaknesses
Your self-image forms gradually
over time.
It is influenced by your life
experiences.
SELF-ESTEEM
Self-esteem describes how you
feel about yourself.
People who like themselves have
high self-esteem.
People who have low self-esteem
doubt their own self-worth.
WHY SELF-ESTEEM MATTERS
Your self-esteem has a major
impact on different aspects of
your life
 How well you do in school
 How easily you make friends
 How you manage disappointments
and frustrations
CRITICAL THINKING
Self-Esteem Group Activity
What are some characteristics that people with high
self-esteem have?
What are some characteristics that people with low
self-esteem have?
FACTORS THAT AFFECT SELF-ESTEEM
Many factors can affect self-esteem:
 Social interactions
 Home, school, and cultural environments
 Life events
 Media (television, books, and movies)
 Body image
 Personal perceptions
SELF-ACTUALIZATION
Self-actualization is the feeling
that you are becoming the best
person you can be.
Self-Actualization
According to psychologist
Abraham Maslow, selfactualization occurs only after
you meet your basic needs.
Love and
Acceptance
Esteem
Security
Basic Needs
GOOD MENTAL AND EMOTIONAL HEALTH
People with good mental
and emotional health
share certain traits:
 Having a zest for life
 Being responsible
 Keeping a sense of balance
 Being trustworthy, respectful,
compassionate, and kind
 Demonstrating good
citizenship
IMPROVING MENTAL HEALTH
Strategies you can use to
help improve your mental
and emotional health
 Spend time in nature
 Develop strategies for reducing
stress
 Set and work toward goals
 Have fun
 Focus on the good, not
the bad
 Maintain close relationships
CRITICAL THINKING
Relationships
Why do you think
maintaining close
relationships with other
people is important for
good mental and
emotional health?
IMPROVING PHYSICAL HEALTH
Improving your physical
health will lead to better
mental and emotional
well-being
Follow these strategies
 Get adequate sleep
 Practice good nutrition
 Get plenty of physical
activity
 Avoid risky behaviors
IMPROVING INTELLECTUAL HEALTH
There are many ways you can
work on improving your
intellectual health including:
 Make good decisions
 Develop new skills and interests
 Play games
 Read a book for pleasure
Think Further!
Why is developing new skills and
interests important for good mental
and emotional health?
What are some activities you can do to
explore new talents or interests?
GET HELP WHEN YOU NEED IT
Some people may make a real
effort to improve their mental and
emotional health but still do not
feel better.
These people should consider
getting help from a counselor or
other mental health professional.
ANXIETY
Symptoms of anxiety include:
 Increased heart rate
 Rapid breathing
 Sweaty palms
 Upset stomach
People who experience these
symptoms on a regular basis
may have an anxiety disorder.
Stress: Response of the body to
the demands of daily living.
(physical & mental)
Stressor: Cause or source of
stress
Eustress: Good stress
Distress: Bad stress
STRESS MAY BE ……
Acute (sudden and short-lived) or chronic
(lasting over a long time period)
Caused by major events or daily struggles
Positive as well as negative
ACUTE VERSUS CHRONIC STRESS
Acute stress is temporary
(example: a final exam)
Chronic stress is continual
(example: stress over an
unsafe neighborhood)
The body can manage acute
stress, but chronic stress
harms the body
MIND-BODY CONNECTION
• The relationship between a person’s
thoughts, emotions, and bodily
responses.
• Can trigger psychosomatic
diseases
• Psychosomatic diseases - illness or
disorder caused by an emotional
response.
MAJOR EVENTS VERSUS DAILY HASSLES
Major events (moving, a
parent’s death) are the
most stressful in a
person’s life
Daily hassles (being
late, losing keys) create
more overall stress
since they occur
frequently
How can stress be positive as well as negative?
Stress can produce positive feelings, such as
excitement before a big game or motivation to do well
on a test. Positive events, such as the birth of a
sibling, can cause stress because they increase
responsibilities.
Why is it possible for two people to have
completely different responses to the same
stressful event?
People may have different perceptions of an event,
interpreting or thinking about it in a different way.
SOURCES OF STRESS FOR TEENAGERS
Relationships (conflict with
family, friends, and peers)
School (academic pressure;
balancing schoolwork with
other activities)
Home environment (crowded,
noisy, lack of privacy; lack of
food or money; crime in your
neighborhood)
Inner conflict (making difficult
life choices)
Click here for the Unit 6 video,
“Stressed Out”
STAGES OF STRESS
The body responds to
stress in three stages:
Alarm
Resistance
Exhaustion
shutterstock.com/Hans Kim
THE BODY’S RESPONSE TO STRESS
Fight-or-flight response
 Heart rate, blood flow,
breathing, and sweat
production increase
 Pupils widen
 Other body processes are
stopped or slowed
• Resisting stress over
time leads to exhaustion
What are some infections or diseases
that could be triggered by chronic
stress?
Colds and flu
Headaches
Back pain
Asthma
Eczema and hives
Hernias
Ulcers
Cardiovascular disease
Diabetes
Cancer
STRESS AND BODY SYSTEMS
Nervous system—the brain, sensing a
threat, sends out signals to mobilize
the body
Endocrine system—produces stress
hormones, epinephrine and
norepinephrine
Cardiovascular system—pumps
blood at a faster rate
Immune system—gets fewer
resources to produce diseasefighting lymphocytes
Reproductive system—stress
hormones such as cortisol cause sex
hormones to decrease, reducing
fertility
Stress and Your Intellectual
and Emotional Health
STRESS AND COGNITIVE PROBLEMS
Stress affects cognitive
abilities (thinking and
reasoning), leading to
 Trouble focusing
 Risk of injury
 Negative thoughts
 Impulsive decisions
 Forgetfulness (stress
hormones disrupt the
hippocampus—the brain’s
memory center)
STRESS AND EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS
Stress can cause many
emotions: fear, anxiety,
helplessness, anger,
shock, or numbness
Stress from combat can lead to posttraumatic stress disorder, or PTSD.
Chronic stress can lead to
depression, a feeling of
low self-worth and
disinterest in life
Extremely stressful events
can cause post-traumatic
stress disorder (PTSD)
What are some symptoms of PostTraumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD?
• Nightmares and recurring thoughts about the event
• Feeling detached, numb, uncaring, irritable, angry, or
guilty
• Inability to remember parts of the event
• Lack of interest in normal activities
• Avoidance of people associated with the event
• Being easily startled
• Difficulty concentrating
• Difficulty sleeping
STRESS AND BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS
Stress can lead to
behavioral problems
 Conflict (arguments and
domestic violence)
 Unhealthy lifestyle choices
(smoking, drinking, taking
drugs, bad eating habits,
infrequent exercise, lack of
sleep)
Managing Stress
TIPS FOR REDUCING OR AVOIDING
STRESS
Manage time
Set limits by saying no
when too busy
Stay positive
Distract yourself
Laugh
Use relaxation techniques
Take care of yourself
Express feelings to a
friend or in a journal
STAYING POSITIVE
Use positive
reappraisal to focus
on the positives of a
stressful event
Distract yourself—go
for a walk, read, or
volunteer
Watch a funny movie
or talk to a friend who
makes you laugh
RELAXATION TECHNIQUES
Breathe deeply to decrease
heart rate and blood pressure
Visualize yourself in a
peaceful environment
Progressively relax muscles
by tensing and relaxing each
part of your body
Meditate to clear your mind
Practice yoga, a series of
postures and breathing
exercises
What are ways to take care of your
body when you’re stressed?
Eat well
Exercise regularly
Get plenty of sleep
Avoid smoking, drinking, and drugs
WHEN TO SEEK PROFESSIONAL HELP
Seek the help of a counselor,
social worker, therapist, or
psychologist
 After experiencing major stress such as
the death of a loved one or parents’
divorce
 When you’ve experienced stress for
more than a couple of weeks
STUDENT STRESS RATING SCALE
The following are events that occur in the life of a college student. Place a check in the left-hand column for each of those events that has
happened to you during the last 12 months.
___ Death of a close family member - 100 points
____ Jail term - 80 points
____ Pregnancy (to you or caused by your) - 60 points
____ Severe personal illness or injury - 53 points
____ Marriage - 50 points
____ Any interpersonal problems - 45 points
____ Financial difficulties - 40 points
____ Death of a close friend - 40 points
____ Arguments with your roommate (more than every other day) - 40 points
____ Major disagreements with your family - 40 points’
____ Major change in personal habits - 30 points
____ Change in living environment - 30 points
____ Beginning or ending a job - 30 points
____Problems with your teacher-30
_ _ _ _ O U T STA N D I N G P E R S O N A L AC H I E V E M E N T - 2 5
POINTS
_ _ __ FAI LURE I N SOME C OURSE - 2 5 POI N T S
____ FINAL EXAMS - 20 POINTS
_ _ _ _ I N C R E A S E D O R D E C R E A S E D D AT I N G - 2 0 P O I N T S
____ CHANGES IN WORKING CONDITIONS - 20 POINTS
____ CHANGE IN YOUR SLEEPING HABITS - 18 POINTS
_ _ _ _ S E V E R A L- D AY V A C AT I O N - 1 5 P O I N T S
_ _ _ _ C H A N G E I N E AT I N G H A B I T S - 1 5 P O I N T S
_ _ _ _ FA M I LY R E U N I O N - 1 5 P O I N T S
_ _ _ _ C H A N G E I N R E C R E AT I O N A L A C T I V I T I E S - 1 5 P O I N T S
____ MINOR ILLNESS OR INJURY - 15 POINTS
_ _ _ _ M I N O R V I O L AT I O N S O F T H E L AW - 1 1 P O I N T S
SCORE:
_________________
INTERPRETING YOUR SCORE
 Less than 150 points
: relatively low stress level in relation to life events
 150 - 300 points
: borderline range
 Greater than 300 points : high stress in relation to life events
DEPRESSION
Depression is a feeling of hopelessness,
loneliness, and inability to care about
anything
Most people experience depression at
some point in their lives, but the feelings
typically go away over time
Depression that lasts a long time or is
especially severe is called major
depression or clinical depression
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aq
u4ezLQEUA
Symptoms of Major Depression?
 Extreme tiredness and lack of energy
 Difficulty sleeping
 Difficulty concentrating
 Irritability, anger, and hostility
 Recurrent thoughts of death
How is major depression different from
typical feelings of loss and sadness?
 Major depression is very intense and lasts for two weeks or
more. People experience changes in thinking and behavior. If
left untreated, it can have serious effects.
A mental disorder is a behavioral
or psychological syndrome or pattern
that occurs in an individual and that is associated
with distress or disability or with significantly
increased risk of suffering, death, pain, disability, or
an important loss of freedom.
Codependency – Tries to fix the problem, an enabler
Enabler – Supports harmful behavior
ANXIETY DISORDERS
Panic disorder causes panic attacks (episodes of
intense fear)
Generalized anxiety disorder causes extreme or
unrealistic worries over daily experiences
Phobias are unrealistic fears about an object or
situation (e.g., social phobia or social anxiety
disorder)
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) causes
obsessive thoughts and behavior
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurs
after a terrifying event or experience
BIPOLAR DISORDER AND SCHIZOPHRENIA
Bipolar disorder
Recurring depression
alternating with mania, a
hyperactive mood with poor
judgment, little need for
sleep, and a lack of selfcontrol
Schizophrenia
A mental illness
characterized by delusions,
hallucinations, and irregular
thoughts
People in the mania phase of
bipolar disorder may show lack
of self-control by overspending.
WHAT IS A PERSONALITY DISORDER?
A consistent pattern of
inappropriate behavior
 People with antisocial personality
disorder disregard rules and are
indifferent to other people’s rights
and feelings
 People with borderline personality
disorder have unstable selfesteem and relationships
People with antisocial personality
disorder may disregard the law and
commit crimes.
AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS (ASD)
People with ASD have problems with
normal interpersonal interactions
Symptoms include
 Avoiding eye contact
 Failing to respond when spoken to
 Engaging in repetitive motions or unusual
behaviors
 Needing a familiar routine
 Using gestures inappropriately
 Having delayed language development
ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDERS
ADD and ADHD are the
most common mental
disorders in children and
adolescents
Symptoms
 Difficulty focusing, organizing and
completing tasks, sitting still, and
listening to instructions
 Becoming bored quickly
 Talking too much or blurting out
People with ADD/ADHD get
bored quickly and struggle to inappropriate things
pay attention.
CAUSES OF MENTAL ILLNESS
The causes of most mental
illnesses and disorders are
unknown
They may be caused by a
combination of
 Biological factors
 Environmental factors
 Psychological factors
BIOLOGICAL FACTORS: GENETICS
Certain genes inherited from parents can give
someone a genetic predisposition for mental
illness, meaning they are more likely to develop
that illness
Genes influence the levels of chemicals in the
brain
 Low serotonin can cause depression
 People with high levels of dopamine
may have schizophrenia
BIOLOGICAL FACTORS: BRAIN INJURY
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) such as
a concussion results from a severe
blow or jolt to the head that
damages the brain
Brain injuries can lead to temporary
or permanent changes in the brain,
including
 Depression
 Anxiety
 Personality changes
 Aggression
 Substance abuse to control mood and
pain
BIOLOGICAL FACTORS:
PRENATAL ENVIRONMENT
Developing babies risk
mental illness if the mother:
 Uses alcohol or drugs
 Eats poorly
 Has stress or trauma
 Is exposed to a virus, toxins, or
certain chemicals
Babies may also experience
brain damage during a
difficult birth
A healthy environment
during pregnancy may
decrease a child’s risk of
mental illness.
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
Mental disorders can be
triggered by stressful events
and experiences in a person’s
environment
 Death of a loved one
 Divorce
 Family conflict
 Financial pressures
 Moving or changing jobs or schools
 Abuse or neglect
 Substance abuse
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS
Unhealthy thinking patterns, or
cognitive distortions, can lead
to mental disorders.
Examples include black-andwhite thinking and
catastrophizing.
Changing these ways of
thinking can improve mental
health.
Therapy can help people change
unhealthy thinking patterns,
leading to improved mental
health.
Understanding and Preventing
Suicide
Suicide: The taking of ones own life
WHY DO PEOPLE COMMIT SUICIDE?
People consider suicide
because they believe their life
can never get better.
A mental illness such as
depression is often the cause
of these feelings.
It is important for people to get
help if they are contemplating
suicide.
RISK FACTORS FOR SUICIDE
•
•
•
•
•
•
Past suicide attempts
A history of mental illness or substance abuse
Troubled home environment
Crisis such as financial hardship
Experience of abuse, neglect, or bullying
Hearing about someone else who has
committed suicide (this can lead to suicide
contagion or suicide clusters, in which others
copy the behavior)
MYTH OR FACT?
Hearing about other people’s suicides may increase the risk
for certain people to commit suicide.
 Fact: Hearing about another person, even a stranger,
who has committed suicide can lead certain people to
copy the behavior. Copying of suicide attempts is
known as suicide contagion.
 Fact: When a community or group experiences a
series of suicides in a relatively short period of time, it
is known as a suicide cluster.
IMPACT OF SUICIDE ON OTHERS
Survivors who have lost a loved one
to suicide may feel:
 Guilt for not being able to prevent the death
 Abandonment and rejection
 Embarrassment or shame
Since others feel uncomfortable
with the topic of suicide, survivors
may not get the support they need.
JORDAN BURNHAM STORY / DEPRESSION & SUICIDE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bfj3Suuk4Tk&safe=active
80% OF ALL MODERN DISEASES
HAVE THEIR ORIGINS IN STRESS.