Transcript Notes_Endocrine2013

Cell signaling
The Endocrine System
Cell communication
Animals use two body systems for regulation
Endocrine
system of glands, secrete chemicals into blood
chemicals travel to target tissue, which has receptor proteins
slow, long-lasting response
Nervous
System of neurons.
transmits “electrical” signal & releases neurotransmitters to
target tissue.
fast, short-lasting response
Regulation by chemical
messengers
Neurotransmitters released by neurons.
Hormones released by endocrine glands.
function of hormones
Why are hormones needed?
Chemical messages from one body part to another
communication coordinates whole body
daily homeostasis & regulation of large scale changes
solute levels in blood (glucose, Ca++, salts, etc.)
metabolism
growth
development
maturation
reproduction
Nervous & endocrine systems
work together
The endocrine and nervous systems overlap
Neurosecretory cells: nerve cells specialized to release
hormones (neurohormones)
Found in the hypothalamus
Some signal molecules act as both neurotransmitters and
hormones
epinephrine: you know about liver cells’ response to this
hormones: break glycogen down into glucose
nervous & endocrine work
together
Hypothalamus- Integrates
nervous & endocrine
Receives information (nervous)
Regulates release of hormones
from pituitary (endocrine)
Pituitary- Master gland
hypothalamus
Endocrine System
secretes a broad range of
tropic hormones
posterior
pituitary
anterior
nervous & endocrine work
together
2 lobes make up the pituitary gland
Posterior pituitary
Stores hormones produced by hypothalamus
ADH, oxytocin
Axons carrying
neurohormones
to p.p.
nervous & endocrine work
together
Anterior pituitary
Produces many different
hormones
Regulated by hypothalamus
(releases both stimulating and
inhibiting hormones)
Neurosecretory cells (yellow)
release hormones (pink) into
capillaries
Carried to anterior pituitary
Tropic Hormones: target endocrine glands
hypothalamus
Thyroid
thyroid-stimulating
hormone
(TSH)
posterior
pituitary
anterior
pituitary
Adrenal
gland
antidiuretic
hormone
(ADH)
Kidney tubules
gonadotropic
hormones:
folliclestimulating
hormone (FSH)
& luteinizing
hormone (LH)
Muscles of
uterus
Liver
Bone and muscle
Testes
Ovaries
Mammary glands
maintaining homeostasis
hormone 1
gland
Too High
lowers
body condition
specific body condition
raises
body condition
Too Low
gland
hormone 2
Negative
Feedback
Regulation of blood sugar
Insulin
body
cells take
up sugar
from blood
pancreas
liver, muscle
stores
glycogen
reduces
appetite
liver
Too High
Blood Sugar Level
Too Low
liver, muscles
release
glucose
triggers
hunger
liver
Glucagon
pancreas
regulating
metabolism
TRH = TSH-releasing hormone
Hypothalamus produces TRH
Anterior Pituitary releases TSH
TSH = thyroid stimulating hormone
Thyroid produces thyroxine hormones
metabolism & development
bone growth
mental development
metabolic use of energy
blood pressure, heart rate
muscle tone
goiter
Iodine deficiency causes thyroid to enlarge as it tries to
produce T3 and T4
✗
regulation of blood calcium
Calcitonin
 kidney
reabsorption
of Ca++
Ca++ deposited
in bones
Thyroid
Too High
bones
release Ca++
Blood Calcium Level
Too Low
 kidney
reabsorption
of Ca++
Parathyroid
Parathyroid
Hormone
Send me a SIGNAL if you
have any questions!
Robert Wadlow
1918-1940
8' 11"
homeostasis
Activity: conceptcalcitonin
mapping
PTH
ligand
receptor
kinase
G-protein
insulin
glucagon
hypothalamus
anterior pituitary
posterior pituitary
tropic hormone
negative feedback
auxins
gibberellin
receptor tyrosine kinase
signal transduction
amplification
neurotransmitter
hormone