Transcript Document

Active Lecture Questions
CHAPTER
16
The
Endocrine
System
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
A major difference between
neurotransmitters and hormones is that
hormones are secreted ____________.
a. directly onto their target cell
b. into the cerebrospinal fluid
c. into ducts
d. into the blood
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A major determinant of a hormone’s
mechanism of action is __________.
a. whether the hormonal molecule is
hydrophobic or hydrophilic
b. its size
c. whether it is rapid acting or slow acting
d. if it activates gene activity or not
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Receptors for steroid hormones are
commonly located _________.
a. inside the target cell
b. on the plasma membrane of the target cell
c. in the blood plasma
d. in the extracellular fluid
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Interaction with a membrane-bound
receptor will transduce the hormonal
message via __________.
a. depolarization
b. direct gene activation
c. a second messenger
d. endocytosis
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Treatment of a hormone’s target cell with a
phosphodiesterase inhibitor will result in
________.
a. immediate cessation of cell response to
the hormone
b. prolonged activity of the cell
c. inability of the hormone to bind to its
receptor
d. irreversible binding of the hormone to its
receptor
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Second messenger–activating hormones
circulate in minute quantities because:
a. they are not important signal molecules.
b. small concentrations of hormone can
activate many intracellular signals via
amplification.
c. they are continuously released from the
gland.
d. neurotransmitters also bind to hormone
receptors.
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Which of the following molecules act as
second messengers?
a. cAMP
b. Ca2+
c. Inositol triphosphate
d. All of the above
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It’s possible for a steroid hormone and a
protein hormone to affect the same
intracellular protein because:
a. the steroid hormone may direct the
synthesis of the protein.
b. the protein hormone may activate the
protein.
c. the protein hormone may direct the
synthesis of the protein.
d. of all of the above.
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In order for a hormone to activate a target
cell, the target cell must possess _______.
a. a receptor
b. a second messenger
c. the hormone
d. a chaperone
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The most common form of endocrine
malfunction is __________.
a. failure of the gland to produce the
hormone
b. insensitivity of the target cell to the
hormone
c. overproduction of the hormone by the
gland
d. All of the above are common disorders.
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When the pancreas releases insulin in
direct response to blood glucose, this is an
example of ________ stimulation.
a. humoral
b. neural
c. hormonal
d. negative feedback
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When an infant suckles at his mother’s
breast, the mother’s neurohypophysis
releases oxytocin. This is an example of
__________ stimulation.
a. humoral
b. neural
c. hormonal
d. negative feedback
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When the ovaries secrete estrogen in
response to the hormone GnRH, this is an
example of __________ stimulation.
a. humoral
b. neural
c. hormonal
d. negative feedback
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Blood levels of hormone are kept within
very narrow ranges by _________
mechanisms.
a. humoral
b. neural
c. hormonal
d. negative feedback
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Hormones secreted into the hypophyseal
portal system are delivered directly to the
________.
a. neurohypophysis
b. adenohypophysis
c. median eminence
d. infundibulum
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The long bone growth-promoting effects of
growth hormone are mediated by
__________.
a. somatostatin
b. somatotrophs
c. somatomedins
d. insulin
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Secretions from the corticotrophs activate
cells of the _______, while secretions from
the gonadotrophs affect cells of the
________.
a. adrenal cortex; gonads
b. thyroid; mammary glands
c. gonads; adrenal cortex
d. mammary glands; gonads
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A patient is displaying high volumes of urine
output and severe dehydration. The most
likely cause is _________.
a. hyposecretion of oxytocin
b. hypersecretion of oxytocin
c. hyposecretion of ADH
d. hypersecretion of ADH
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Common secretion(s) of the thyroid gland is
(are) _________.
a. calcitonin
b. triiodothyronine
c. thyroxine
d. all of the above
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A patient is losing weight rapidly, sweating
profusely, and is always anxious. The
patient may be suffering from _______.
a. hypothyroidism
b. cretinism
c. hyperthyroidism
d. hypersecretion of calcitonin
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Occasionally, a female patient will
experience hirsutism, or excessive facial
hair growth. However, blood tests reveal
that her levels of testosterone are normal
for a female. Another cause could be
hypersecretion of:
a. catecholamines.
b. mineralocorticoids.
c. glucocorticoids.
d. gonadocorticoids.
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Two hormones govern calcium regulation.
________ acts to elevate blood calcium
levels, whereas ________ lowers blood
calcium levels.
a. PTH; calcitonin
b. Thyroid hormones; calmodulin
c. Calcitonin; PTH
d. Calcitonin; thyroid hormone
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__________ is the adrenal hormone
responsible for maintaining appropriate
blood sodium levels.
a. Cortisol
b. DHEA
c. Aldosterone
d. Epinephrine
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_________ trigger(s) secretion of
aldosterone.
a. Increased K+
b. Angiotensin II
c. ANP
d. Both a and b
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During times of stress, elevated levels of
_______ often occur, which explains why we
get a cold during final exam time.
a. cortisol
b. aldosterone
c. ACTH
d. androgens
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Along with the sympathetic nervous
system, the _________ is the other primary
mediator of acute stress.
a. adrenal medulla
b. adrenal cortex
c. zona glomerulosa
d. zona reticularis
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The secretion of ________ helps regulate our
circadian rhythms.
a. estrogen
b. testosterone
c. thyroid hormones
d. melatonin
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The thymus secretes the hormone(s)
______________.
a. thymopoietin
b. thymosin
c. thymic factor
d. all of the above
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Which of the following structures produces
a hormone responsible for stimulating red
blood cell production?
a. Stomach
b. Heart
c. Kidney
d. Skin
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Which of the following structures produces
a precursor to hormonal vitamin D,
important for Ca2+ regulation?
a. Stomach
b. Heart
c. Kidney
d. Skin
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