Transcript Chapter 16 Endocrine System Chapter 16

Chapter 16
Endocrine System
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 16
Lesson 16.1
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16--2
Objectives
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Identify organs and structures of the
endocrine system.
Define and spell the word parts related to the
endocrine system
Define, pronounce and spell disease and
disorder terms related to the endocrine
system.
Define, pronounce and spell surgical terms
related to the endocrine system.
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Functions of the Endocrine System
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regulates body activities through the use of
chemical messengers called hormones,
which when released into the bloodstream,
influence metabolic activities, growth, and
development.
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The Endocrine System
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Endocrine Glands
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pituitary: approximately the size of a pea
located at the base of the brain and is divided
into 2 lobes
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anterior lobe produces hormones
• growth hormone (GH)
• adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
• thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
• gonadotropic: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),
luteinizing hormone (LH)
• prolactin or lactogenic hormone (PRL)
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Endocrine Glands (cont’d.)
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pituitary (cont’d)
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anterior lobe produces hormones (cont’d)
• antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
• oxytocin
hypothalamus: located near the pituitary
gland in the brain that secretes “releasing”
hormone that functions to stimulate or inhibit
the release of pituitary gland hormones
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Endocrine Glands (cont’d.)
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thyroid: largest endocrine gland located in
the neck below the larynx
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produces hormones
• triiodothyronine (T3)
• thyroxine (T4)
parathyroid: four small bodies lying directly
behind the thyroid
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produces hormone
• parathormone (PTH)
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Endocrine Glands (cont’d.)
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islets of Langerhans: clusters of endocrine
tissue found throughout the pancreas
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secretes hormones
• insulin
• glucagon
• produces enzymes which facilitate digestion
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Endocrine Glands (cont’d.)
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adrenal glands: paired glands, one above
each kidney. The outer portion is called the
cortex, and the inner portion is called the
medulla.
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secretes hormones
• cortisol (hydrocortisone)
• aldosterone
• epinephrine (adrenaline)
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Pituitary gland, hormones
secreted and target organs
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Combining Forms of
the Endocrine System
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aden/o
adren/o, adrenal/o
cortic/o
endocrin/o
parathyroid/o
pituitar/o
thyroid/o, thyr/o
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Combining Forms Commonly Used
with the Endocrine System Terms
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acr/o
calc/i
dips/o
kal/i
natr/o
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Suffix
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-drome
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Clicker Question
Which of the following contains the word root
meaning sodium?
hypokalemia
b) hyponatremia
a)
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Disease and Disorder Terms
Built from Word Parts
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acromegaly
adenitis
adenomegaly
adenosis
adrenalitis
adrenomegaly
hypercalcemia
hyperglycemia
hyperkalemia
hyperpituitarism
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hyperthyroidism
hypocalcemia
hypoglycemia
hypokalemia
hyponatremia
hypopituitarism
hypothyroidism
panhypopituitarism
parathyroidoma
thyroiditis
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Disease and Disorder Terms
Not Built from Word Parts
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acidosis
Addison disease
cretinism
Cushing syndrome
diabetes insipidus (DI)
diabetes mellitus (DM)
gigantism
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goiter
Graves disease
ketosis
myxedema
pheochromocytoma
tetany
thyrotoxicosis
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Cushing Syndrome
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Goiter
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Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts
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adenectomy
adrenalectomy
parathyroidectomy
thyroidectomy
thyroidotomy
thyroparathyroidectomy
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Chapter 16
Lesson 16.2
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Objectives
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Define, pronounce, and spell the diagnostic
terms related to the endocrine system.
Define, pronounce and spell complementary
terms related to the endocrine system.
Interpret the meaning of abbreviations related
to the endocrine system.
Interpret, read and comprehend medical
language in simulated medical statements
and documents.
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Diagnostic Terms Not
Built from Word Parts
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Diagnostic imaging
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radioactive iodine uptake test (RAIU)
thyroid scan
Laboratory
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fasting blood sugar (FBS)
glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C)
thyroxine level (T4)
thyroid-stimulating hormone level (TSH)
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Complementary Terms
Built from Word Parts
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adrenocorticohyperplasia
adrenopathy
cortical
corticoid
endocrinologist
endocrinology
endocrinopathy
euglycemia
euthyroid
polydipsia
syndrome
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Complementary Terms
Not Built from Word Parts
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exophthalmos
hormone
isthmus
metabolism
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Clicker Question
Hyperglycemia can be detected by
FBS
b) TSH
a)
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Abbreviations
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DI
DM
FBS
HbA1C
RAIU
T4
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Read Medical Terms In Use
A 55-year-old female patient presented to her doctor because of a
10-pound weight gain, fatigue, hair loss, dry skin, and cold
intolerance. She was referred to an endocrinologist who
established a diagnosis of hypothyroidism after test results
indicated an elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level and
a low thyroxine level. Thyroid hormone therapy was prescribed.
Approximately 20 years ago she was diagnosed with Graves
disease characterized by hyperthyroidism, exophthalmos, fatigue,
irritability, weight loss, and goiter. At this time she had an increased
radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU). Treatment included a
thyroidectomy with subsequent thyroid hormone therapy. She
remained in a euthyroid state until she stopped taking the
medication 6 months ago. Consequently she became hypothyroid
and could easily have developed myxedema if she had not sought
treatment.
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