Transcript Document
HS130 Anatomy & Physiology II Unit 9 Reproductive Systems and Growth &Development Dr. Tiffany N. Lee, BS, DC, FASA Seminar Outline Questions about Final Project Male Reproductive System Female Reproductive System Prenatal Period Fertilization, implantation, and development Parturition Stages of Labor Post Natal Period Stages of life Effects of Aging Various organ systems Male Reproductive System Function Produce, store, and ultimately introduce mature sperm into female reproductive tract Organs Essential Accessory Essential Organs Gonads: Testes Function: Spermatogenesis and testosterone production Seminiferous tubules: sperm develop in walls Interstitial cells: release testosterone Page 494 Spermatogenesis Spermatogonium Daughter Cell 1° spermatocyte 2° spermatocyte Spermatid Spermatozoa (Sperm) Acrosome Page 496 Case Study A friend of yours who has four children is considering a vasectomy, an operation in which the ductus deferens are cut and tied off to prevent the passage of sperm through the reproductive ducts, thus preventing fertilization. However, your friend has concerns. He asks you, “Will this completely stop the process of ejaculation?” How should you reply? Accessory Organs Reproductive Ducts: Epididymus Ductus (Vas) Deferens Ejaculatory Duct Urethra Page 494 Accessory Organs Sex Glands Seminal vesicles Source of energy for motile sperm using fructose Prostate gland Helps activate sperm and maintain motility Bulbourethral gland Neutralize acidic urine residue Lubricate urethra to prevent friction Accessory Organs External Genitalia Penis Corpus spongiosum Corpora cavernosa Glans Scrotum Sac containing testis, epididymis, part of ductus deferens and spermatic cords Page 494 Hormone Testosterone Masculinization Promote and maintain accessory organs Protein anabolism Female Reproductive System Function Produce ova, receive sperm, and permit fertilization Organs Essential Gonads: Ovaries Function: oogenesis and production of estrogen & progesterone Accessory Oogenesis Ovarian follicles (containing oocytes) 1° follicles 2° follicles Graafian follicle (mature follicle) **After ovulation, follicle becomes corpus luteum Page 503 Accessory Organs Reproductive Ducts & Organs Uterine tubes Uterus Vagina Page 504 Case Study A 30-year-old woman with normal menstrual periods has a total hysterectomy. Would she still ovulate? Would she still have menses? Accessory Organs Sex Glands Bartholin’s glands Lubricating fluid Breast Mammary glands Accessory Organs External Genitalia (Vulva) Mons Pubis Clitoris Orifice of Urethra Labia minora Hymen Orifice, duct of Bartholin’s glands Orifice of vagina Labia Majora Page 507 Hormones Estrogen Maturation of reproductive organs Secondary sexual characteristics (ex. pubic hair) Body Contours Initiate menstrual cycle Progesterone Proliferation and vascularization of lining of uterus Initiate menstrual cycle Menstrual Cycle Divided into (3) phases: Menses: shedding of uterine lining Proliferative phase: after menses until ovulation High levels of estrogen Secretory phase: Ovulation to menses High levels of progesterone Page 508 Menstrual Cycle Regulation Day 1 to 7, FSH secreted, immature ovarian follicle secretes estrogen As estrogen increases, LH increases, which matures the ovum, marks ovulation, and lutenization Sharp, sudden decrease in estrogen & progesterone cause menstrual period Page 509 Prenatal Period Begins from time of fertilization to time of birth Fertilization often occurs in the outer one-third of the oviduct Zygote= fertilized ovum Morula = 3 days after fertilization Blastocyst = once it has reached the uterus Implantation in 10 days Page 523 Prenatal Period Periods of Development Embryonic phase: 3rd week of fertilization until the end of the 8th week Fetal phase: 9th week to 39th week Primary germ layers Endoderm: inside Lining of organs Thyroid gland Mesoderm: middle Muscle Bones Circulatory system Ectoderm: outer Brain and spinal cord Epidermis of skin Page 529 Birth or Parturition Stages of Labor Stage 1 (6-24hrs) Dilation of the cervix Stage 2 (minutes to 1 hr) Baby exits vagina Stage 3 (15 minutes after delivery of baby) Expulsion of placenta from vagina Postnatal Period Infancy Birth to 18 months Childhood Infancy to sexual maturity or puberty Adolescence Usually 13-19 years of age Adulthood and Older adulthood Page 533 Effects of Aging Skeletal System Osteoarthritis Integumentary System Wrinkles Urinary System Incontinence Respiratory System Respiratory insufficiency Cardiovascular system atherosclerosis Special Senses Vision and hearing issues Page 537