Transcript Endocrine System - Southwest High School

Endocrine System
Woo. Woo.
Hormones
• Control vital body
processes
• Chemical Signals.
– When bound to a
molecule, the shape of
the molecule changes.
– Responses occur
• Often a ‘chain reaction’
• A B C D
Fat Soluble Hormones
Steroid Hormones
– Testosterone and
estrogen
– Bind to DNA, activate
it. Actually stimulates
TRANSCRIPTION of
mRNA!
– Can pass through the
cell membrane because
these are non-polar
Commonly Abused Commercial
Steroid Hormones
Water Soluble Hormones
Usually come from
Amino acids ( like
epinephrine)
– Water soluble,
– cannot pass through
the membrane (polar)
– Bind outside of the cell
• Opens a channel, or
triggers a cell process
Jobs of Water-soluble Hormones
1. Regulate blood stuff: glucose, sodium,
calcium, oxygen, and blood volume.
2. Ballistic regulators: regulate stuff that is an
emergency if untreated. CO2 or O2 issues?
Ballistic problem! Heart beats faster or
slower if gasses are off…
3. Relay Messengers: Tell the fat hormones to
release…
Regulate blood stuff: glucose, sodium, calcium,
oxygen, and blood volume.
• Insulin and glucagon
– Too much sugar? Insulin puts it in storage.
– Too little sugar? Glucagon releases sugar
• Parathyroid and Calcitonin
– Too much calcium? Calcitonin stimulates the deposit
into bone
– Too little calcium? Parathyroid hormone takes it out of
the bone.
Types of Hormones
• Peptide Hormones
– Water soluble
– Bind to the outside of
the cell, and trigger
second messengers
within the cell.
Anterior Pituitary Hormones for
Reproduction
• FSH = Follicle-stimulating
Hormone
– Menstruation, ovulation in
females, estrogen release by
ovary
– Testicular activity in males.
Testosterone release
• LH = Luteinizing Hormone
– Regulates the release of
estrogen and androgen
(testosterone) by gonads
– Development of gonads
FSH and LH
• Egg spits out when both of these peak.
(ovulation)
Other Ant. Pituitary Hormones
• TSH = thyroid stimulating
hormone
– metabolism
• GH = Growth hormone
• ACTH = adrenocorticotropic
hormone
– Adrenal steroid production
• MSH = Melanocytestimulating hormone
– Melanin and fat metabolism
• Endorphins
– Natural ‘opiates’
Tallest man- The tallest man in medical history of
whom there is irrefutable evidence was Robert
Pershing Wadlow, born on February 22, 1918 in
Alton, IL. When he was last measured, on June
27, 1940, Wadlow was 8 ft. 11 1/10 in. tall. His
greatest recorded weight was 491 pounds, on his
21st birthday. His shoes were size 37AA (18 1/2
inches) and his hands measured 12 3/4 inches
from the wrist to the top of the middle finger.
Wadlow was still growing when he died on July
15, 1940 and may have exceeded 9 feet in height.
Posterior Pituitary
• Releases hormones
made by the
hypothalamus like:
• Oxytocin
– Contracts the uterus
– Mammary glands
• ADH
– Antidiuretic hormone
– Retain water in kidneys