Transcript Endocrine System - East Porter County School Corporation

Endocrine System
Your endocrine system regulates your
growth, development, and body
chemistry.
The Endocrine System
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Controls many body
functions
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exerts control by
releasing special
chemical substances
into the blood called
hormones
Hormones affect other
endocrine glands or
body systems
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Derives its name from
the fact that various
glands release
hormones directly into
the blood, which in
turn transports the
hormones to target
tissues via ducts.
How is the endocrine system different
from the nervous system?
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Nervous system
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Reacts differently to a stimulus but has a short lived
life
Both nerves and chemicals carry signals in the
nervous system and these signals only affect certain
parts of the body
Chemicals messengers in the nervous system work
only at the gaps between nerve cells
Endocrine system
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Endocrine system responds more slowly and has a
longer lasting effect
Only hormones carry signals for the endocrine
system
Carried by blood, hormones can spread all over the
body and can affect many organs
How do hormones work?
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Work by binding to receptors either
outside or inside a cell
Each kind of hormone molecule has a
shape that fits only certain receptors.
Each organ has cells with receptors for
certain kinds of hormones
When a hormone binds to a receptor on a
a cell, the cell reacts
The result depends on the kind of
hormone and the organ the cells is in
What are the endocrine glands?
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Several different
endocrine glands
are scattered
about your body
They include:
Major Glands of the Endocrine system
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Pituitary
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Adrenal.
Pancreas
Ovaries
Testes
Pituitary gland
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Master gland of body
Located in the depression of
sphenoid bone
Produces many hormones that
affect other glands
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thyroid stimulating hormone
Somatotropin- growth hormone
Lutenizing (LH)- causes ovulation
ICSH- causes testes to secrete
testosterone
Melanocyte stimulatingdistribution of melanin in skin
ADH- antidiuretic hormone
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Gigantism is an
inherited trait that
results from the
overproduction of
HGH
Dwarfism is an
inherited trait that
results from the
underproduction of
HGH
Thyroid- produces
hormones that
control metabolism
and calcium in blood.
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Thyroid gland must
have any source of
iodine
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goiter- not enough
iodine
 Hyperthyroidism
 Hypothyroidism
Adrenal glands
 Located just above the
kidney
 Secretes many
hormones
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Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Review on the “fight or flight” syndrome
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Body responds to a stressful
situation by getting ready to
fight or run away to protect
itself
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Fight or flight response
Directed in part by two
hormones made by the adrenal
glands, epinephrine and
norepinephrine
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Epinephrine is also known as
adrenaline
These stress hormones raise
your heart rate, blood pressure,
and breathing rate and slow
your digestion
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As a result, you have more
blood that flows to your
muscles, bringing them
plenty of oxygen- just in case
you have to run for your life!
Pancreas Pancreatic juices into
the intestine
 Secretes insulin, a
hormone that
transports glucose
into cells.
Diabetes
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Cause- decreased secretion of insulin
Symptoms
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Excessive thirst, excessive urination,
hyperglycemia, slow healing of skin
infections
Affects 21 million in US: 7% of population
Estimated 1/3 of people who have
diabetes don’t know it
225,000 die each year
132 billion/year- 10% of our health care
spending
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Insulin was the first hormone
identified (late 1920's) which won
the doctor and medical student who
discovered it the Nobel Prize
(Banting and Best)
1982 - Human Insulin - First ever
approved genetically engineered
human therapeutic by Genentech
Do all diabetics have to take insulin?
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No, usually only type 1
diabetics have to take insulin
injections.
Type 2 diabetics control their
blood-sugar with medications,
diet and exercise
Most diabetics have Type 2
diabetes which normally
develops after the age of 40
Is it true that everyone has both male
and female hormones?
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We know that both men and
women have both kinds of sex
hormones but in different
amounts
The male hormone,
testosterone, governs the
changes in boys as they
mature
In women, the male hormone
causes the normal growth of
body hair
The female hormones, estrogen
and progesterone govern the
changes in girls
In men, the female hormones
help keep body fat at a safe
level