Transcript File - Dr. Jerry Cronin

Chapter 16 – The Endocrine System
Endocrinology
1, 2, 3
Pituitary
Power!
Peter
Pan “creas”
Moan for a
Hormone
Name that
Gland
$100
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FINAL ROUND
Endocrinology 1, 2, 3:
$100 Question
Which of these characteristics is exclusive to the
endocrine system, when compared with the
nervous system?
a. Relies on release of chemical that bind to specific
receptors
b. Relies primarily on negative feedback mechanisms
c. Uses epinephrine and norepinephrine as chemical
messengers
d. Effective in coordinating cell, tissue, and organ activities
on a sustained, long-term basis
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Endocrinology 1, 2, 3:
$100 Answer
Which of these characteristics is exclusive to the
endocrine system, when compared with the
nervous system?
a. Relies on release of chemical that bind to specific
receptors
b. Relies primarily on negative feedback mechanisms
c. Uses epinephrine and norepinephrine as chemical
messengers
d. Effective in coordinating cell, tissue, and organ activities
on a sustained, long-term basis
BACK TO GAME
Endocrinology 1, 2, 3:
$200 Question
How does the hypothalamus regulate nervous
and endocrine activities?
a. It secretes regulatory hormones that influence
endocrine cells in the pituitary.
b. It has autonomic centers that exert direct neural
control over endocrine cells of the adrenal
medullae.
c. Hypothalamic neurons synthesize hormone and
transport them along axons within the infundibulum
d. All of these are correct.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Endocrinology 1, 2, 3:
$200 Answer
How does the hypothalamus regulate nervous
and endocrine activities?
a. It secretes regulatory hormones that influence
endocrine cells in the pituitary.
b. It has autonomic centers that exert direct neural
control over endocrine cells of the adrenal
medullae.
c. Hypothalamic neurons synthesize hormone and
transport them along axons within the infundibulum
d. All of these are correct.
BACK TO GAME
Endocrinology 1, 2, 3:
$300 Question
Which of the following statements is true of
peptide hormones?
a. They are derived from cholesterol.
b. They are synthesized as prohormones and convert
to active hormones before or after secretion.
c. They are also called biogenic amines and are
synthesized from tyrosine.
d. They are important paracrine factors that coordinate
cellular activities.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Endocrinology 1, 2, 3:
$300 Answer
Which of the following statements is true of
peptide hormones?
a. They are derived from cholesterol.
b. They are synthesized as prohormones and convert
to active hormones before or after secretion.
c. They are also called biogenic amines and are
synthesized from tyrosine.
d. They are important paracrine factors that coordinate
cellular activities.
BACK TO GAME
Endocrinology 1, 2, 3:
$400 Question
If levels of a certain hormone are high, which of
the following will happen?
a. A second messenger brings more of that hormone into the
cell.
b. There will be a decrease in the number of cell receptors for
that hormone and cells become less sensitive to it.
c. A G protein will bind to that hormone.
d. There will be an increase in the number of cell receptors
for that hormone and cells become more sensitive to it.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Endocrinology 1, 2, 3:
$400 Answer
If levels of a certain hormone are high, which of
the following will happen?
a. A second messenger brings more of that hormone into the
cell.
b. There will be a decrease in the number of cell receptors for
that hormone and cells become less sensitive to it.
c. A G protein will bind to that hormone.
d. There will be an increase in the number of cell receptors
for that hormone and cells become more sensitive to it.
BACK TO GAME
Endocrinology 1, 2, 3:
$500 Question
How does the presence of a molecule that blocks
adenylate cyclase affect the activity of a hormone
that produces its cellular effects by way of the
second messenger cAMP?
a. It prevents synthesis of the hormone.
b. It enhances the action of the hormone.
c. It increases sensitivity to the hormone.
d. It decreases speed of hormonal changes.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Endocrinology 1, 2, 3:
$500 Answer
How does the presence of a molecule that blocks
adenylate cyclase affect the activity of a hormone
that produces its cellular effects by way of the
second messenger cAMP?
a. It prevents synthesis of the hormone.
b. It enhances the action of the hormone.
c. It increases sensitivity to the hormone.
d. It decreases speed of hormonal changes.
BACK TO GAME
Pituitary Power!:
$100 Question
What is critically important about the vascular
arrangement of the hypophyseal portal system?
a. It provides efficient means of ensuring that all
hypothalamic hormones will reach target cells in the
adenohypophysis before being diluted in general
circulation.
b. It ensures that all hormones destined for the pituitary are
diluted in general circulation before entering the
adenohypophysis.
c. It ensures that RH from the hypothalamus synthesizes the
correct amount of a specific hormone.
ANSWER
d. None of these is correct.
BACK TO GAME
Pituitary Power!:
$100 Answer
What is critically important about the vascular
arrangement of the hypophyseal portal system?
a. It provides efficient means of ensuring that all
hypothalamic hormones will reach target cells in the
adenohypophysis before being diluted in general
circulation.
b. It ensures that all hormones destined for the pituitary are
diluted in general circulation before entering the
adenohypophysis.
c. It ensures that RH from the hypothalamus synthesizes the
correct amount of a specific hormone.
d. None of these is correct.
BACK TO GAME
Pituitary Power!:
$200 Question
What is the role of FSH in males?
a. It stimulates production of sex hormones.
b. It stimulates the breakdown of stored
triglycerides by adipocytes.
c. It stimulates sustenacular cells, which then
promotes maturation of sperm.
d. It stimulates smooth muscle contraction in the
ANSWER
ductus deferens and prostate gland.
BACK TO GAME
Pituitary Power!:
$200 Answer
What is the role of FSH in males?
a. It stimulates production of sex hormones.
b. It stimulates the breakdown of stored
triglycerides by adipocytes.
c. It stimulates sustenacular cells, which then
promotes maturation of sperm.
d. It stimulates smooth muscle contraction in the
ductus deferens and prostate gland.
BACK TO GAME
Pituitary Power!:
$300 Question
If a person has been drinking alcohol, how is
ADH released by the neurohypophysis affected?
a. More ADH is released to increase the solute
concentration of blood and urine.
b. ADH secretion is inhibited by drinking alcohol.
c. It does not change at all.
d. ADH secretion increases causes vasoconstriction
and increased blood pressure.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Pituitary Power!:
$300 Answer
If a person has been drinking alcohol, how is
ADH released by the neurohypophysis affected?
a. More ADH is released to increase the solute
concentration of blood and urine.
b. ADH secretion is inhibited by drinking alcohol.
c. It does not change at all.
d. ADH secretion increases causes vasoconstriction
and increased blood pressure.
BACK TO GAME
Pituitary Power!:
$400 Question
A blood sample shows elevated levels of
somatomedins. Which pituitary hormone
will be elevated as well?
a. Thyroid stimulating hormone
b. Growth hormone
c. Oxytocin
d. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Pituitary Power!:
$400 Answer
A blood sample shows elevated levels of
somatomedins. Which pituitary hormone
will be elevated as well?
a. Thyroid stimulating hormone
b. Growth hormone
c. Oxytocin
d. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
BACK TO GAME
Pituitary Power!:
$500 Question
Why do high levels of cortisol, a steroid hormone
from the suprarenal cortex, cause a decrease in
the pituitary secretion of ACTH?
a. Because high levels of cortisol stimulated other
steroid hormones.
b. The hormones act in a synergistic manner.
c. Because ACTH participates in a negative feedback
loop with cortisol.
d. CRH from the hypothalamus inhibits ACTH release.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Pituitary Power!:
$500 Answer
Why do high levels of cortisol, a steroid hormone
from the suprarenal cortex, cause a decrease in
the pituitary secretion of ACTH?
a. Because high levels of cortisol stimulated other
steroid hormones.
b. The hormones act in a synergistic manner.
c. Because ACTH participates in a negative feedback
loop with cortisol.
d. CRH from the hypothalamus inhibits ACTH release.
BACK TO GAME
Peter Pan “creas”:
$100 Question
Which pancreatic cell type is paired with the
hormone it produces?
a. Alpha cells / pancreatic polypeptide
b. F cells / a hormone identical to growth hormoneinhibiting hormone
c. Beta cells / insulin
d. Delta cells / glucagon
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Peter Pan “creas”:
$100 Answer
Which pancreatic cell type is paired with the
hormone it produces?
a. Alpha cells / pancreatic polypeptide
b. F cells / a hormone identical to growth hormoneinhibiting hormone
c. Beta cells / insulin
d. Delta cells / glucagon
BACK TO GAME
Peter Pan “creas”:
$200 Question
Insulin lowers the level of glucose in the blood,
and then glucagon causes glucose levels to rise.
What is this type of hormonal interaction called?
a. Synergistic
b. Permissive
c. Antagonistic
d. Integrative
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Peter Pan “creas”:
$200 Answer
Insulin lowers the level of glucose in the blood,
and then glucagon causes glucose levels to rise.
What is this type of hormonal interaction called?
a. Synergistic
b. Permissive
c. Antagonistic
d. Integrative
BACK TO GAME
Peter Pan “creas”:
$300 Question
Which of the following is an affect of glucagon?
a. Accelerated glucose uptake and utilization
b. Breakdown of triglycerides in adipose tissue
c. Stimulation of amino acid absorption and protein
synthesis
d. Stimulation of glycogen formation
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Peter Pan “creas”:
$300 Answer
Which of the following is an affect of glucagon?
a. Accelerated glucose uptake and utilization
b. Breakdown of triglycerides in adipose tissue
c. Stimulation of amino acid absorption and protein
synthesis
d. Stimulation of glycogen formation
BACK TO GAME
Peter Pan “creas”:
$400 Question
Cells in the ___ are insulin independent,
which means that they can ____.
a. Brain, kidneys, and digestive tract / absorb glucose
without insulin stimulation
b. Liver / produce glucose
c. Pancreas and suprarenal cortex / produces insulin
d. Suprarenal cortex and suprarenal medulla / function
without insulin
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Peter Pan “creas”:
$400 Answer
Cells in the ___ are insulin independent,
which means that they can ____.
a. Brain, kidneys, and digestive tract / absorb glucose
without insulin stimulation
b. Liver / produce glucose
c. Pancreas and suprarenal cortex / produces insulin
d. Suprarenal cortex and suprarenal medulla / function
without insulin
BACK TO GAME
Peter Pan “creas”:
$500 Question
Why are diabetics continuously thirsty and
why do they frequently urinate?
a. Less water is reclaimed by osmosis in the kidneys.
b. Water loss reduces blood volume, promoting
secretion of ADH.
c. Glucose is lost in the urine, which increases blood
volume.
d. A and B are correct.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Peter Pan “creas”:
$500 Answer
Why are diabetics continuously thirsty and
why do they frequently urinate?
a. Less water is reclaimed by osmosis in the kidneys.
b. Water loss reduces blood volume, promoting
secretion of ADH.
c. Glucose is lost in the urine, which increases blood
volume.
d. A and B are correct.
BACK TO GAME
Moan for a Hormone:
$100 Question
Increased amounts of sunlight inhibit the
production of which hormone?
a. Prolactin
b. Melanocyte stimulation hormone
c. Aldosterone
d. Melatonin
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Moan for a Hormone:
$100 Answer
Increased amounts of sunlight inhibit the
production of which hormone?
a. Prolactin
b. Melanocyte stimulation hormone
c. Aldosterone
d. Melatonin
BACK TO GAME
Moan for a Hormone:
$200 Question
Iodine deficiency in the diet produces what
symptom?
a. Increased rate of metabolism
b. Increased body temperature
c. Exaggerated response to physiological stress
d. Goiter
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Moan for a Hormone:
$200 Answer
Iodine deficiency in the diet produces what
symptom?
a. Increased rate of metabolism
b. Increased body temperature
c. Exaggerated response to physiological stress
d. Goiter
BACK TO GAME
Moan for a Hormone:
$300 Question
Deficiencies of which hormones impede
normal skeletal development?
a. GH, thyroid hormone, PTH, and reproductive
hormones
b. Prolactin, FSH, LH, GH
c. Thyroid hormone, melatonin, PTH, calcitonin
d. GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Moan for a Hormone:
$300 Answer
Deficiencies of which hormones impede
normal skeletal development?
a. GH, thyroid hormone, PTH, and reproductive
hormones
b. Prolactin, FSH, LH, GH
c. Thyroid hormone, melatonin, PTH, calcitonin
d. GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH
BACK TO GAME
Moan for a Hormone:
$400 Question
What is the effect of renin secretion by the
kidneys?
a. Stimulation of Ca2+ and PO4 absorption along the
digestive tract
b. Stimulates the production of red blood cells by bone
marrow
c. Converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
d. Inhibits secretion of ADH and aldosterone
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Moan for a Hormone:
$400 Answer
What is the effect of renin secretion by the
kidneys?
a. Stimulation of Ca2+ and PO4 absorption along the
digestive tract
b. Stimulates the production of red blood cells by bone
marrow
c. Converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
d. Inhibits secretion of ADH and aldosterone
BACK TO GAME
Moan for a Hormone:
$500 Question
All of the following except ___ occur during the
resistance phase of the general adaptation
syndrome.
a. Conservation of glucose for neural tissues
b. Mobilization of remaining lipid and protein reserves
c. Conservation of Na+ and loss of K+ and H+
d. Increased mental alertness and increased blood
pressure
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Moan for a Hormone:
$500 Answer
All of the following except ___ occur during the
resistance phase of the general adaptation
syndrome.
a. Conservation of glucose for neural tissues
b. Mobilization of remaining lipid and protein reserves
c. Conservation of Na+ and loss of K+ and H+
d. Increased mental alertness and increased blood
pressure
BACK TO GAME
Name that Gland:
$100 Question
Which of the following is not an effect of
thyroid hormones on major organ systems?
a. Increased heart rate and force of contraction
b. Increased sensitivity to sympathetic stimulation
c. Decreased turnover of minerals in bone
d. Stimulation of red blood cell formation
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Name that Gland:
$100 Answer
Which of the following is not an effect of
thyroid hormones on major organ systems?
a. Increased heart rate and force of contraction
b. Increased sensitivity to sympathetic stimulation
c. Decreased turnover of minerals in bone
d. Stimulation of red blood cell formation
BACK TO GAME
Name that Gland:
$200 Question
The removal of the parathyroid glands result
in a decrease in the blood concentration of
which important mineral?
a. Calcium ions
b. Phosphate ions
c. Sodium ions
d. Potassium ions
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Name that Gland:
$200 Answer
The removal of the parathyroid glands result
in a decrease in the blood concentration of
which important mineral?
a. Calcium ions
b. Phosphate ions
c. Sodium ions
d. Potassium ions
BACK TO GAME
Name that Gland:
$300 Question
Failure of the zona glomerulosa to secrete
aldosterone would result in ____.
a. Decreased formation and secretion of calcitrol
b. Enhanced reabsorption of Ca2+ at the kidneys
c. Loss of Na+, K+ retention, and decreased
reabsorption of water at the kidneys
d. None of these is correct.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Name that Gland:
$300 Answer
Failure of the zona glomerulosa to secrete
aldosterone would result in ____.
a. Decreased formation and secretion of calcitrol
b. Enhanced reabsorption of Ca2+ at the kidneys
c. Loss of Na+, K+ retention, and decreased
reabsorption of water at the kidneys
d. None of these is correct.
BACK TO GAME
Name that Gland:
$400 Question
Secretion of cortisol by the zona fasciculata
____ in the liver and has a(n) _____ effect on
CRH in the hypothalamus?
a. Decreases glucose synthesis / stimulatory
b. Increases glucose synthesis / inhibitory
c. Increases androgen production / antagonistic
d. Decreases glycogen synthesis / synergistic
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Name that Gland:
$400 Answer
Secretion of cortisol by the zona fasciculata
____ in the liver and has a(n) _____ effect on
CRH in the hypothalamus?
a. Decreases glucose synthesis / stimulatory
b. Increases glucose synthesis / inhibitory
c. Increases androgen production / antagonistic
d. Decreases glycogen synthesis / synergistic
BACK TO GAME
Name that Gland:
$500 Question
Melatonin is well known for its role in regulating
circadian rhythm. What are two other functions
of melatonin?
a. Promotes muscle mass and supports libido in females
b. Testicular feminization and gynecomastia in males
c. Inhibits reproductive functions and protects CNS
neurons from free radicals
d. Promotes early puberty and increased rates of oxygen
consumption
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Name that Gland:
$500 Answer
Melatonin is well known for its role in regulating
circadian rhythm. What are two other functions
of melatonin?
a. Promotes muscle mass and supports libido in females
b. Testicular feminization and gynecomastia in males
c. Inhibiting reproductive functions and protecting CNS
neurons from free radicals
d. Promoting early puberty and increasing rates of oxygen
consumption
BACK TO GAME
FINAL ROUND Question
In what ways are hormonal effects of E and NE
from the suprarenal medulla similar to the effects
of glucocorticoids from the zona fasciculata?
a. Hormones from both are under the ultimate control of
the sympathetic nervous system.
b. Both increase cardiac activity and blood pressure.
c. Both are stimulated by angiotensin II.
d. Both increase blood glucose levels and promote the
breakdown of stored fats into fatty acids.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
FINAL ROUND Answer
In what ways are hormonal effects of E and NE
from the suprarenal medulla similar to the effects
of glucocorticoids from the zona fasciculata?
a. Hormones from both are under the ultimate control of
the sympathetic nervous system.
b. Both increase cardiac activity and blood pressure.
c. Both are stimulated by angiotensin II.
d. Both increase blood glucose levels and promote the
breakdown of stored fats into fatty acids.
BACK TO GAME