Transcript ENERGY
ENERGY Physical Science Unit WHAT IS ENERGY? • Interactive Notebook pg. 112 What is Energy? What is Energy? What is Energy? Energy – The ability to do work What does this mean? --Means that energy is needed to apply a force to an object to make it move. -- Energy is also needed to make a change in the state of matter (solid, liquid, or gas). This power or ability to make things happen is what we can call energy. It makes things happen. It makes change possible. What is Physical Science? • The combination of energy and matter make up the universe: – Matter is substance (stuff), and energy is the mover and changer of substance (stuff). Types of Energy? Types of Energy Clip (1 minute 50 seconds) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DHXXa6PgMAA Energy can be transferred from one system to another in different ways: Types of Energy Mechanical Energy Thermal Energy Electromagnetic Waves Electrical Energy Nuclear Energy Chemical Energy The Law of Conservation of Energy • Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it may be transformed from one form into another, but the total amount of energy never changes. How is all energy divided? All Energy Potential Energy Gravitation Potential Energy Elastic Potential Energy Kinetic Energy Chemical Potential Energy Interactive Notebook Page 111 • TITLE: Forms and States of ENERGY What is Kinetic Energy? - All moving things have kinetic energy. - It is energy possessed by an object due to its motion or movement. --- These include very large things, like planets, and very small ones, like atoms. --- The heavier a thing is, and the faster it moves, the more kinetic energy it has. What is Potential Energy? Potential energy is the stored energy an object has because of its position or state. EXAMPLES: A bicycle on top of a hill, a book held over your head, and a stretched spring all have potential energy. Potential • energy of position or energy in storage. – Water behind a dam – Hammer over head – Food on the plate Kinetic • energy of motion, the form capable of doing work – Flowing water – A falling hammer – Electrons regenerating ATP in a bio’l cell What is Gravitational Potential Energy? o Potential energy due to an object’s position Don’t look down, Rover! Good boy! o P.E. = mass x height x gravity What is Potential Energy? o Energy that is stored and waiting to be used later What is Elastic Potential Energy? o Potential energy due compression or expansion of an elastic object. Notice the ball compressing and expanding What is Chemical Potential Energy? o Potential energy stored within the chemical bonds of an object What is Kinetic Energy? o Energy an object has due to its motion o K.E. = .5(mass x speed2) Forms OF ENERGY 6 Fundamental Forms of Energy 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. mechanical energy Thermal (heat) energy electromagnetic energy electrical energy nuclear energy chemical energy What is Mechanical Energy? o Energy due to a object’s motion (kinetic) or position (potential). The bowling ball has mechanical energy. When the ball strikes the pins, mechanical energy is transferred to the pins! Examples of Mechanical Energy What is Thermal Energy? o Heat energy o The heat energy of an object determines how active its atoms are. A hot object is one whose atoms and molecules are excited and show rapid movement. A cooler object's molecules and atoms will show less movement. Thermal Energy • Which bowl of soup has more thermal energy at the same temperature – the large bowl or the small bowl? Thermal Energy • Which bowl of soup has more thermal energy at the same temperature – the large bowl or the small bowl? The amount of thermal energy in an object is related to its mass. If two objects at the same temperature are compared, the one with the greater mass has MORE thermal energy. Thermal Energy • Which bowl of soup has more thermal energy at the same temperature – the large bowl or the small bowl? The amount of thermal energy in an object is related to its mass. If two objects at the same temperature are compared, the one with the greater mass has MORE thermal energy. And the object with LESS MASS has? ___________________ Thermal Energy • Which has more thermal energy? A lit match or an ice sculpture? What is Electromagnetic Energy? o Radiant or ”Light” energy o Includes energy from gamma rays, xrays, ultraviolet rays, visible light, infrared rays, microwave and radio bands What is Electrical Energy? o Energy caused by the movement of electrons o Easily transported through power lines and converted into other forms of energy What is Electrical Energy? ATOMIC STRUCTURE Nucleus of an Atom (negative charge) (positive charge) (no charge) What is Electrical Energy? ATOMIC STRUCTURE Nucleus of an Atom (negative charge) (positive charge) (no charge) What is Nuclear Energy? o Nuclear energy is energy that is stored in the nucleus or center core of an atom. oThe nuclear energy is what holds the nucleus together. What is Nuclear Energy? • In order to use this energy, it has to be released from the atom. There are two ways to free the energy inside the atom. 1. Fusion Fusion is a way of combining the atoms to make a new atom. What is Nuclear Energy? • In order to use this energy, it has to be released from the atom. There are two ways to free the energy inside the atom. 2. Fission Fission is a way of splitting an atom into two smaller atoms. The two smaller atoms don't need as much energy to hold them together as the larger atom, so the extra energy is released as heat and radiation. What is Chemical Energy? o Energy that is available for release from chemical reactions. The chemical bonds in a matchstick store energy that is transformed into thermal energy when the match is struck. Examples of Chemical Energy QUIZ TIME! What type of energy cooks food in a microwave oven? ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY What type of energy is the spinning plate inside of a microwave oven? MECHANICAL ENERGY QUIZ TIME! Electrical energy is transported to your house through power lines. When you plug an electric fan to a power outlet, electrical energy is transform into what type of energy? MECHANICAL ENERGY QUIZ TIME! What energy transformation occurs when an electric lamp is turned on? ELECTRICAL ENERGY ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY What types of energy are shown below? Mechanical and Thermal Energy (Don’t forget friction) What type of energy is shown below? Chemical Energy What types of energy are shown below? Electrical, Mechanical and Electromagnetic Energy What type of energy is shown below? Chemical Energy (yummy) What type of energy is shown below? Thermal Energy • Draw a flow map showing the flow of energy transformations in a car from starting vehicle to driving. You should have 5 different types of energy. Energy Transfer Sound (mechanical) Thermal Electrical Mechanical Chemical Light (Electromagnetic)