Transcript Energy Timeline - Cody`s ePortfolio

Energy Timeline
BY: CODY GOLDER
Coal
 Coal was discovered by Louis Joliet in 1673 in the
Illinois river region. Since then the demand for coal
has increased, including major increases in demand
during the Industrial Revolutions of the 18th and 19th
centuries
 Coal was once heavily used to heat homes and to run
locomotives, but is now mainly used as a source of
energy for heat and electricity.
Electricity
 Electricity was research and discovered by Benjamin
Franklin in 1752. Alessandro Volta created the first
battery, usable source of electricity, in 1800.
 Electricity is now used to power most anything that
you can think of, the list is endless. Including, cell
phones, lights, cars, computers, etc.
Ethanol
 The first synthetic production of ethanol was 1826
through the efforts of Henry Hennel and S.G.
Serullas.
 The earliest uses of ethanol was by the Greeks and
Arabs in alcoholic beverages. Current uses of the
ethanol include fuel, preservation of biological
specimens, and the preparation of perfumes.
Geothermal
 In the 1900’s demand for electricity led to the
consideration of geothermal energy. In 1904 Prince
Piero Ginori Conti tested the first geothermal power
generator in Larderello, Italy. Later the first
geothermal power plant was built there.
 Geothermal energy is often uses to heat greenhouses,
heat water for fish farmers, and to create electricity
in many power plants.
Hydropower
 Water power has been used to run mills, and to
irrigate crops dating back to Imperial Rome. In the
1830’s, water power increased in use as it became
important in the transportation of barges up and
down canals.
Municipal Solid Waste
 Municipal Solid Waste, simply called trash, can be
used to create energy. After this waste is collected it
is often incinerated, which produces a high level of
energy that can be harness and later used.
Natural Gas
 Natural gas was first discovered in the Americas in
1626 when French explorers discovered Native
Americans igniting gases near Lake Erie. In 1821
William Hart dug the first successful natural gas well
in Fredonia, New York.
 Natural gas was first used mainly to light street
lamps, and more currently natural gas is being used
for almost anything including running vehicles,
lighting homes, and heating.
Nuclear
 In 1938 a group of chemists Otto Hahn,
Fritz Stassmann, Lise Meitner and Otto
Robert Frisch, discovered that a neutron
could split a nucleus in half, calling this
phenomenon “fission”. This led
scientists in countries around the world
to begin research into nuclear weapons,
and later nuclear power.
 Nuclear power is now used to create
electricity, and to power some military
ships, and even some space vehicles.
Oil
 In the 1850’s the process to distill kerosene from
petroleum was invented by Ignacy Lukasiewicz. The
demand for petroleum grew, and the first
commercial oil well was drilled in Poland in 1853.
 Petroleum quickly became a major use of fuel in the
U.S., and after the introduction of Ford’s Model-T,
which ran on petroleum based gasoline, it became
the major fuel source for transporation.
Photovoltaic
 It wasn’t until 1776 that the first solar collector was
built, by Horace de Saussare. The collector was cone
shaped, and boiled ammonia to create energy.
 Early uses of photovoltaic energy include the
building of houses into the sides of hills, so that the
energy stored during the day would be released as
heat in the evening. Recently there has been much
research into solar energy, and how to better harness
it and use it to run powerful machines.
Solar Thermal
 In 1891, Clarence Kemp became the first man to
patent a solar thermal energy system. He marketed
his idea, and by 1897, 1/3 of the homes in Pasadena,
CA had water heated by the sun.
 Solar Thermal energy can be used in heating, drying,
and water distillation. Without solar thermal energy,
or the heat from the sun, we would have not water at
all.
Wind
 The earliest use of wind energy was when people put
sails on ships and travelled the ocean. Over time,
creations such as the windmill arose, and in 1887,
the first windmill used to produce electricity was
made by Professor James Blyth in Scotland.
 Some of the earliest uses of
wind energy include the
powering of large ships, later
windmills used wind to grind
grain and create electricity.
Wood
 The use of wood as a fuel dates back to the time of
the Neanderthals, who used it as a source to build
fires. Although the use was limited to the ability to
create a spark.
 Wood is currently used as a fuel to produce heat, as
well to power fuel steam engines and steam turbines
which produce electricity.
Energy and Power
 Energy
 The capacity to do work. Without energy there would be no
way to perform any form of work.
 Power
 The rate at which work is done. The faster the work is done, or
the more work done the more power.
Classifications of Energy
 Unlimited
 Unlimited resources are those which will never run out.
 Limited
 Limited resources are those that will inevitably run out.
 Renewable
 Renewable resources are those that will not run out because
they can be renewed or recreated.
Unlimited
 Photovoltaic Energy
 Photovoltaic energy is an example of an unlimited energy
source. This is because photovoltaic energy comes from the
sun, and the sun will never cease to exist, therefore, its power
will never run out.
Limited
 Coal
 Coal is an example of a limited resource. Because coal is
simply stored energy from dead plant sources, there is
obviously only a limited supply of that energy, and once we
have used up all the coal, there will be no more for hundreds of
years at least.
Renewable
 Wood
 Wood is an example of a renewable energy source. This is
because although wood is limited, and would eventually run
out, we can keep planting trees and growing more of the them
to create more wood.
Mechanical Energy
 In a turbine, mechanical energy from the turbines is
transformed into electrical energy as the turbines
turn, creating electricity
 In a hand-turn generator mechanical energy is
transformed into electrical energy as you turn the
handle.
Electrical Energy
 In a lamp electrical energy is converted into heat and
light energy.
 In a television set, electrical energy is converted into
light energy to power the screen.
Light Energy
 In a solar panel, light energy is transformed into
electrical energy to run certain objects.
Chemical Energy
 Chemical energy converts to mechanical engine in a
steam engine as the wood burns and boils the water,
creating steam that runs the engine.
 As coal is burned chemical energy is transformed
into heat energy.
Nuclear Energy
 Nuclear energy heats water, turning turbines, to
make electricity. Which can then be converted into
mechanical energy.
 Nuclear energy can be transformed into heat energy
through nuclear power plants, which provide power
to heat homes.
Thermal Energy
 In large steam engines, thermal energy is converted
into mechanical energy to move the vehicle.
Potential Energy
 Potential energy is the energy of an object with
respect to the position of that object.
 Examples



A rock sitting on the edge of a cliff
A car at rest at the top of a hill
A person standing on a tree branch
Kinetic Energy
 Kinetic energy is the energy that an object or body
has while it is in motion.
 Examples



A car going fifty miles per hour
A dog chasing a cat
A squirrel climbing up a tree
Conservation of Energy
 The Law of Conservation of energy states: energy
can neither be created nor destroyed, it is simply
transformed into other forms of energy.