Transcript Fossil Fuels and Oilsands

Monday - Day 1
Oil
Non-renewable Energy Resource
Objectives:
• What are the different forms and sources of
energy
• What sources of energy are renewable or
non-renewable energy?
• What are fossil fuels?
• Oil Sands Lab: Alberta Energy
Classifying Energy Forms
Potential
• Gravitational Potential –
energy due to the position
of an object.
• Chemical Potential –
energy present within the
chemical bonds of a
substance.
• Elastic potential – energy
of a stretched or
compressed object.
• Nuclear potential –
energy of particles inside
an atomic nucleus.
Kinetic
• Radiant solar energy –
the motion of EMR
• Sound energy – the
motion of sound waves
• Electrical energy – the
motion of flowing electrons
• Thermal energy – the
motion of particles
Sources of Energy: How do we Produce
Energy for our Needs?
Originate From Solar Energy
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Direct solar (e.g.
photovoltaic panels)
Biomass (e.g.
wood, manure,
ethanol)
Hydro
Wind
Fossil fuels (coal,
natural gas,
petroleum)
Do NOT Originate from Solar
Energy
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Tidal and
wave
Geother
mal
Nuclear
fission
Renewable vs. Non-Renewable Energy
& Energy Transformations
• What are the differences?
– Non-renewable energy sources:
• are extracted from the Earth as resources that are
finite and may last, at most, for a few hundred
years
– Renewable energy sources:
• are continuously replenished or renewed by
energy from the Sun
• are considered renewable because they will last
indefinitely
Fossil Fuels
• Fossil fuels are considered to originate
from solar energy because they are the
remains of ancient biomass that was
buried and did not completely decompose.
• Fossils fuels include coal, natural gas, and
petroleum.
Fossil Fuels
•The conditions on Earth that created fossil fuels
are no longer present, so fossil fuels are a nonrenewable resource.
The energy transformation that occurred to
produce fossil fuels is:
Radiant solar energy -> chemical potential
energy
Generating Energy Using Fossil Fuels
1. Fossil fuels must first be
extracted.
Generating Energy Using Fossil Fuels
2. The fuel must then be
burned.
The energy transformation that occurs
during this stage is :
chemical potential energy -> thermal
energy
Generating Energy Using Fossil Fuels
3. The heat from burning the fuel is used to
produce steam and turn a turbine.
The energy transformation that occurs during
this stage is :
thermal energy -> kinetic energy (spinning
turbine)
Generating Energy Using Fossil Fuels
4. The spinning turbine is hooked to a generator
with a coil of wire and a magnet
The energy transformation that occurs during this
stage is :
kinetic energy (spinning turbine) -> electrical
energy
Generating Energy Using Fossil Fuels
The energy transformation that occurs in a coalfired power plant is:
chemical potential energy -> thermal energy > kinetic energy (spinning turbine) ->
electrical energy
Advantages of Using Fossil Fuels to
Generate Energy
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Dependable
Existing infrastructure
Easier to contain and/or transport
than other sources
Cheaper than some other
sources
Fossil-fuel plants can be built
anywhere
Disadvantages of Using Fossil Fuels to
Generate Energy
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Pollution – SOx(g), NOx(g), particulates,
and CO2(g)
Non-renewable
Spills and leaks = environmental
damage
Many sources are from politically
unstable countries
Alberta Oil
Oil sands
New English Words ?
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Mine
Bitumen
Asphalt
Froth
Vial
Equilibrium
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mine
bitumen
asfalt
skum
Hetteglass
equilibrium
Fort McMurray &
Athabasca region
(about 450 km’s north
of Edmonton)
Oil Sands Facts:
•The oil sands deposits contain 1.7 trillion
barrels of bitumen.
•This oil potential is greater than the oil
reserves of Saudi Arabia.
Challenge: Try to recover as much bitumen
as possible from the sand.
Where is the oil . . .really?
• Have one of your group members obtain a
small sample of oil sands on a glass plate.
• Use a microscope to get a closer look.
• Where is the oil?
• In your groups come up with as many
ideas about how you could remove the oil
from the sand.
Oil Sands Field trip
https://www.dropbox.com/s/gj5c13hu9c9iryw/Oilsands%20field%20trip%201.m4v
Oil Sands: Science in the Sand Activity
Procedure:
•Safety: Do not overheat the vials—they may
explode from air pressure. Be cautious with the hot
water (and glass). Wear safety glasses and a
laboratory apron.
1. Obtain 2 glass vials and mark them for
temperature (one at 20 oC & 60 oC).
2. Measure out 3 cm of oil sands into each vial.
3. Measure out 3 cm of pH 9 solution into each vial.
4. Place the “60 oC” vial vertically in an empty
150 mL beaker. Place the “20 oC” vial
vertically on the counter top.
5. Add enough boiling water (e.g., 100 mL) to
three-quarters immerse the 60 oC vial (to a
controlled height) for about 5 min (for an
equilibrium temperature of about 60 oC).
6. Measure and record the temperature of the
water in the bath/beaker at the equilibrium.
7. Remove the vial by grasping the plastic cap
and avoiding the hot water.
8. Wrap several layers of paper towel around
each (20 oC and 60 oC) vial and hold tightly.
9. Shake the vials for 45 s horizontally and 15
s vertically and set it to settle for 5 min.
10. Record evidence of the relative quantity of
bitumen froth, water colour, bitumen layer on
the sand, and bitumen bits in the sand.
Problem: Tailings Ponds
https://www.dropbox.com/home/Norway/G1%20Oilsands%20Extraction