Transcript Energy Chapter 15

Energy
Chapter 15
Lesson 1: What are kinetic and potential energy?
Lesson 2: What are some forms of energy?
Lesson 3: How is heat transferred?
Lesson 4: How do people use energy resources?
Lesson One Vocabulary
Energy- the ability to cause a change in
matter
 Kinetic Energy- energy in motion
 Potential Energy- energy an object has
because of its condition or position
 Energy Transfer- the movement of
energy from one place or object to
another.
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Lesson 1: Energy
Energy is something that causes a
change in matter.
 Energy causes many kinds of changes.
 One kind of change is movement.
 Energy comes from food, fuels, and other
sources.
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Lesson 1: Energy
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Energy has different
forms.
It can change from
one form to another.
But energy cannot be
made or destroyed.
It can only change.
This is called: The
Law of Conservation
of Energy.
Lesson 1: Kinetic and potential energy
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We can classify all
the kinds of energy
into two major groups:
Kinetic energy is the
energy of motion.
Potential energy is
energy an object has
because of where it
is.
Lesson 1: Energy transfer
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Energy can move
between 2 objects.
Energy can also
move from one place
to another.
The movement of
energy from one
place to another is
called energy transfer.
Lesson 2 Vocabulary
Solar Energy- energy that comes from the
sun
 Light- Radiation that we can see
 Chemical Energy- Energy that can be
released by a chemical reaction
 Mechanical Energy- combination of all the
kinetic and potential energy something has
 Electric Energy- energy that comes from
an electric current
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Lesson 2: Forms of energy
Solar energy is energy that comes from
the sun.
 We can see some kinds of solar energy in
the form of light.
 Heat is also a form of solar energy that we
could not live on Earth without.
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Lesson 2: Forms of energy
Chemical energy is energy that can be
released by a chemical reaction.
 The energy stored in matter is potential
energy.
 A chemical reaction changes this potential
energy into kinetic energy.
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Lesson 2: Forms of energy
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When a car is moving, it
has kinetic energy.
A car also has potential
energy in its fuel.
The sum of all the
potential and kinetic
energy something has is
called mechanical energy.
Moving objects have both
potential and kinetic
energy at the same time.
Lesson 2: Forms of Energy
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Some energy comes
in the form of
electrons that make
up atoms.
This energy is called
electric energy.
Electricity comes from
moving electrons.
We use electricity
every day!
Lesson 2: Forms of energy
Sound is a form of energy we use every
day.
 Sound comes from vibrations in matter.
 The vibrations spread out in all directions.
 These vibrations travel through the air and
to our ears.
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Lesson 2: Forms of energy
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Energy changes all the
time.
For example, an electric
radio uses electric energy
to play music that you
can hear.
Some of the electric
energy is changed to
sound energy.
Radios with digital clocks
also change some
electric energy to light.
Lesson 3 Vocabulary
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Heat- transfer of thermal energy between objects
with different temperatures
System- a group of separate elements that work
together to accomplish something
Conduction- transfer of heat from one object
directly to another
Convection- transfer of heat through the
movement of a gas or a liquid
Radiation- transfer of energy by means of waves
that move through mater and space
Reflection- the bouncing of heat or light off an
object
Lesson 3: Heat transfer
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Thermal energy is one
form of energy.
Heat is the transfer of
thermal energy between
objects with different
temperatures.
Thermal energy always
moves from warmer
objects to cooler objects.
Temperature measures
this form of kinetic
energy.
Lesson 3: Heat transfer
Thermal energy travels in a system.
 A system is a group of parts that work
together.
 When you heat water on a stove: The pot,
the water, and the stove make up a
system.
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Lesson 3: Heat transfer
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Heat can move through a system in three ways:
Conduction is the transfer of heat from one
object directly to another, cooler object.
Convection is the transfer of heat by the
movement of gas or liquid.
Radiation transfers heat by waves that move
through matter and space.
(Radiation is different than conduction and convection because it does not
need matter to transfer heat.)
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These waves can also bounce off objects
and this is a reflection.
Lesson 3: Heat transfer
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Examples:
Lesson 3: Heat transfer
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Heat can move easily
through some objects.
These objects are called
conductors.
Metal is a good conductor
of heat.
Heat does not move
easily through other
objects.
Insulators stop or slow
heat from leaving an
object or keep heat from
reaching an object.
Lesson 4 Vocabulary
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Fossil- remains or traces of the past life, found in
sedimentary rock
Resource- material that can be used to satisfy a
need
Nonrenewable resource- a resource that, once
used, can NOT be replaced in a reasonable
amount of time
Renewable resource- a resource that can be
replaced within a reasonable amount of time
Pollution- a waste product that harms living
things and damages an ecosystem
Lesson 4:
How do people use energy resources?
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A fossil is the remains or
traces of past life.
Fossils are found in
sedimentary rock and come
from once-living things.
Examples of fossils are coal,
oil, and natural gas.
These fuels can be burned to
make heat and produce other
forms of energy.
Materials like fossil fuels, that
can be used to satisfy our
needs are called resources.
Lesson 4:
How do people use energy resources?
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Fossil fuels form over thousands of years and cannot be
replaced quickly if they are used up.
A resource that cannot be replaced in a reasonable
amount of time is a nonrenewable resource.
One way to make fossil fuels last longer is to practice
conservation.
Conservation means using less
of something to make the supply
last longer.
Lesson 4:
How do people use energy resources?
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Some resources can be
replaced easily and are
called renewable
resources.
Solar wind, and water
energy are renewable
resources.
Scientists are working to
find better, low-cost ways
to use renewable energy
resources.
Lesson 4:
How do people use energy resources?
Using renewable resources reduces the
amount of pollution in the environment as
well.
 Pollution is anything that dirties or harms
the environment.
 Conserving fossil fuels reduces pollution.
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Comprehension Questions:
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Some resources can be replaced in a short
amount of time, but _________ fuels took
thousands of years to form.
Using a lot of fuel is the opposite of practicing
_____________.
The time it takes to replace a resource
determines if it is renewable or
_______________.
Conserving fossil fuels reduces the amount of
____________ in the environment.