Transcript suffix - Webcourses

Medical
Terminology
HSC 3537
Chapter 1 Review &
Chapters 2-4
Arthr/o = joint
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Arthr/itis
Oste/o/arthr/itis
Arthr/o/scopy
Arthr/algia
Definition starts with the suffix
-itis = inflammation, arthr/o = joint
Inflammation of a joint
Why did we drop the combining vowel?
Osteoarthritis
• -itis =inflammation, oste/o = bone,
arthr/o = joint
• Inflammation of the bone & joint
• Why did we NOT drop the combining
vowel between the word roots?
Hepat/o = liver
• Hepat/itis = inflammation of the
liver
• Sub/hepat/ic = pertaining to below
the liver
• Hepat/oma = tumor of the liver
• Hepat/o/megaly = enlargement of
the liver
Blood
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Word root
Hemat/o, hem/o
Hemat/o/logy
Hemat/o/logist
Hemat/oma
Hem/arthr/osis
Hemat/uria
Blood condition
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Suffix
-emia
Hyper/glyc/emia
Hypo/glyc/emia
An/emia
Leuk/emia
Tumor
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Word root
Onc/o
Oncology
Oncologist
Tumor, mass,
swelling
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Suffix
-oma
Hepatoma
Hematoma
Sarcoma
Carcinoma
Adenoma
Adenocarcinoma
Cell
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Word root
Cyt/o
Cytology
Cytologist
Leukocytosis
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Suffix
-cyte
Erythrocyte
Leukocyte
Thrombocyte
Osteocyte
Disease
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Word root
Path/o
Pathology
Pathologist
Pathogenic
Disease
Condition
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Suffix
-pathy
Enteropathy
Gastroenteropathy
Adenopathy
Arthropathy
Cardiomyopathy
2 word roots =
To Cut
• Cis/o
• Incision
• Excision
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Sect/o
Bisect
Resection
Transection
2 word roots =
Kidney
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Nephr/o
Nephritis
Nephralgia
Nephrologist
Nephrectomy
• Ren/o
• Renal
Nerve
• Neur/o
• Neurologist
• Neuroma
• Neuritis
• Neurectomy
Questions from Chapter 1??
• On to Chapter 2
CELL=cyt/o, cyte
• Nucleus:
– nucle/o, kary/o
• Cyt/o/plasm: all
– Controlling structure
material outside the
• Chrom/o/somes
nucleus, enclosed by
– Rod like structures
the cell membrane
– 23 pairs except ova,
• Mitochondria: small
sperm
sausage shaped bodies
• Endoplasmic reticulum: • Genes:
– In chromosomes
network of canals
– Determine hereditary
characteristics
• DNA: each gene is
composed of DNA
Kary/o/type
• Kary/o = nucleus
• -type = classification
or picture
• Analyzing
chromosomes within
the nucleus in terms
of size, arrangement,
and number.
TISSUE=hist/o
Group of similar cells performing a specific
task
• Epi/thel/ial:
• Muscle: my/o
• Connective: sarc/o
– Major covering of
the external surface
of the body:
derm/o, dermat/o
– Forms membranes
that line body
cavities and organs
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– Major tissue in
glands: aden/o
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Fat: adip/o, lip/o
Cartilage: chondr/o
Bone: oste/o
Blood: hemat/o,
hem/o
Nerve: neur/o
ORGAN
Viscer/o = internal organs
• Two or more kinds of tissues that
together perform special body
functions
• Example: Stomach composed of
muscle, nerve, glandular tissue
SYSTEM
• Group of organs that work together to
perform complex body functions
Cell-tissue-organ-system
Body Cavities
• Crani/o = skull
• Thorac/o = chest
– Pleur/o
– Mediastinum
• Abdomin/o =
abdomen
– Diaphragm
– Peritoneum
• Pelv/o = hip, pelvis
• Spin/o = spine,
backbone
Divisions of the back
• Cervical: C1-C7
– Cervic/o = neck
• Spine
• Uterus
• Thoracic: T1-T12
– Thorac/o = chest
• Lumbar: L1-L5
– Lumb/o = lower back
• Sacrum: S1-S5
– Sacr/o = sacrum
• Coccygeal: tailbone
– Coccyg/o = coccyx
Positional & Directional
Terms
• Anterior (ventral)
– Anter/o = front
– Ventr/o = belly side of the body
• Posterior (dorsal)
– Poster/o = back, behind
– Dors/o = back portion of the body
Positional & Directional
Terms
• Deep: away from the surface
• Superficial: on the surface
• Inferior: below another structure
• Superior: above another structure
• Caudal: pertaining to the tail
• Cephalic: pertaining to the head
Positional & Directional
Terms
Distal
• Dist/o = far, distant
• Away from a point of
reference
Proximal
• Proxim/o = nearest
• Near to a point of
reference
Positional & Directional
Terms
• Medial
– Medi/o = middle
– Pertaining to the
middle or nearer
the medial plane
of the body.
• Lateral
– Later/o = side
– Pertaining to the
side.
Positional & Directional
Terms
• Supine: Lying on the back. The face is
UP in the sUPine position.
• Prone: Lying on the belly. The patient is
lying ON his/her face in the prONe
position.
Planes of the Body
• Frontal (coronal):
– Vertical
– Anterior/posterior
• Sagittal:
– Vertical
– Right/left
• Transverse:
– Horizontal
– Superior/inferior
Questions??
• On to chapter 3…
Some Combining forms
• Angi/o = vessel, usually a blood vessel
– Angioplasty
– Lymphangiogram
• Arteri/o = artery
– Arteriosclerosis
• Blephar/o = eyelid
– Blepharoptosis
• Ophthalm/o = eye
– Ophthalmologist
More Combining Forms
• Col/o = colon
– Colostomy
• Enter/o = small
intestine
– Enteropathy
• Encephal/o = brain
– Encephalitis
• Lapar/o = abdomen,
abdominal wall
– Laparoscope
• Abdomin/o =
abdomen
– abdominal
Combining Forms
• Mamm/o = breast
– mammogram
• Mast/o = breast
– Mastectomy
• Phleb/o = vein
– Phlebitis
• Ven/o = vein
– Venogram
• Pneumon/o = lungs
• Pulmon/o = lungs
– Pulmonologist
• Staphyl/o = clusters
• Strept/o = twisted chains
Surgical Suffixes
• -centesis: surgical
puncture to
remove fluid
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Thoracentesis
Amniocentesis
Abdominocentesis
Arthrocentesis
• -plasty: surgical
repair
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Angioplasty
Blepharoplasty
Mammoplasty
Rhinoplasty
Arthroplasty
Surgical Suffixes
• -ectomy: excision,
removal, resection
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Laryngectomy
Mastectomy
Nephrectomy
Neurectomy
Appendectomy
Tonsillectomy
• -tomy: incision, to cut
into
– Laparotomy
– Arthrotomy
– Tracheotomy
• -stomy: creation of
an artificial opening
– Colostomy
– Tracheostomy
Surgical Suffixes
• -scopy: process of
visual examination
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Laparoscopy
Arthroscopy
Laryngoscopy
Bronchoscopy
Colonoscopy
• -scope: instrument
used for visual
examination
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Laparoscope
Arthroscope
Laryngoscope
Bronchoscope
Colonoscope
Suffixes
• -algia: pain
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Otalgia
Myalgia
Thoracalgia
Cephalgia
• -dynia: pain
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Pleurodynia
Cardiodynia
Coccydynia
Mastodynia
-gram, -graph, -graphy
• -gram: record
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Electrocardiogram
Myelogram
Mammogram
Venogram
Arteriogram
• -graph: instrument
for recording
– Electroencephalograph
– Electrocardiograph
• -graphy: process of
recording
Electroencephalography
Myelography
Mammography
Polysomnography
Suffixes
• -malacia: softening
– Osteomalacia
– Chondromalacia
– Encephalomalacia
• -megaly: enlargement
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Acromegaly
Splenomegaly
Hepatomegaly
Hepatosplenomegaly
Dactylomegaly
Suffixes
• -pnea: breathing
– Apnea
– Dyspnea
• -penia: deficiency
– Erythropenia
– Thrombocytopenia
– Pancytopenia
• -cele: hernia,
protrusion
– Rectocele
– Cystocele
– Diaphragmatocele
• -ptosis: drooping,
sagging, prolapse
– Blepharoptosis
– Mastoptosis
– Nephroptosis
• -lapse: to slide, fall,
sag
– prolapse
Questions??
• Chapter Four follows…
Combining Forms
• Carp/o = carpal
bones
– Carpal tunnel
syndrome
• Cib/o = meals
– Motrin 800 mg
b.i.d. p.o. p.c.
• Cost/o = rib
– Costochondritis
• Cutane/o, derm/o,
dermat/o = skin
– Subcutaneous
• Dactyl/o = fingers,
toes
– Syndactyly
• Gloss/o = tongue
– Hemiglossectomy
• Nat/i = birth
– Postnatal
Suffixes
• -cyesis:
pregnancy
– Pseudocyesis
• -plasia, -plasm:
development,
formation
• -partum: birth,
labor
– Dysplasia
– Hyperplasia
– Postpartum
• -rrhea: flow or
discharge
– Rhinorrhea
– Diarrhea
Prefixes
• A-, an-: no, not,
without
– Apnea
– Anencephaly
– Adactyly
• Ante-: before,
forward
– Antepartum
– Ante cibum
• Anti-: against
– Antibiotic
– Anticonvulsant
– Antidepressant
Prefixes
• Bi-: two
• (combining form
bi/o = life)
– Bilateral
– Bifurcation
• Contra-: against,
opposite
– Contraindication
– Contraception
– Contralateral
• Brady-: slow
– Bradycardia
– Bradykinesia
• Tachy-: fast
– Tachycardia
– Tachypnea
Prefixes
• Eu-: good
• Dys-: bad, painful,
difficult, abnormal
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Dyspnea
Dysplasia
Dysfunctional
Dysequilibrium
• Mal-: bad
– Malabsorption
– Malpractice
– Malposition
– Euthyroid
– Euphoria
• Para-: near,
beside, abnormal
– Parathyroid
glands
– Pararenal
Prefixes
• Supra-: above, upper
– Suprathoracic
– Suprarenal glands
– Suprainguinal
• Infra-: beneath
– Infracostal
– Infradiaphragmatic
• Inter-: between
– Intercostal
– Intervertebral disc
Prefixes
• Intra-: into, within
– Intravenous
– Intramuscular
– Intraperitoneal
• Dia-: through,
complete
– Diameter
– Diarrhea
– Diagnosis
• Pro-: before, forward
– Prodrome
– Prolapse
– Prognosis
Prefixes
• Pre-: before, in
front of
– Premature
– Prenatal
– Precancerous
• Per-: through
– Percutaneous
– Perennial
• Peri-: surrounding
– Pericardium
– Periosteum
– Perigastric
TEST #1 NEXT WEEK!
• Chapters 1-4
• Know ALL Word Parts!
• Be able to recognize word parts in
medical terms
• Module exams 1-4 due next Tuesday
• Bring raspberry scantron
• Bring photo ID
• Be on time!