Transcript Anatomical Positions

Anatomical Positions
Sports Medicine Standard 2
 Anatomy is the study of structure
What is
Anatomy and
Physiology?
 Derived from Greek and means “to cut up” or “to cut open”
 Physiology is the study of the functions of body structures
 Structure and function are very closely related
Anatomic
Position
Body Planes
• Coronal plane – also called frontal plane
A vertical plane that divides the body
into anterior (front) and posterior (back)
parts.
•
Planes of the
Body
Transverse Plane – also called the crosssectional or horizontal plane.
Cuts perpendicularly along the long axis
of the body/organ. The body or organ is
separated into both superior (upper) and
inferior (lower) parts.
• Sagittal Plane – also called the median plane
Extends through the body or organ vertically
and divides the structure into right and left
halves.
•
Midsagittal – sagittal plane in the middle
of the body *only one
• Parasagittal – a plane that is parallel to the
Midsagittal plane but either to the left or
right of it.
Term
Anatomic
Directions
Meaning
Example
Anterior
In front of; toward the
front surface.
The stomach is anterior
to the spinal cord.
Posterior
In back of; toward the
back surface.
The heart is posterior to
the sternum.
Dorsal
At the back side of the
human body.
The spinal cord is on
the dorsal side of the
body.
Ventral
At the belly side of the
human body.
The umbilicus (naval,
belly button) is on the
ventral side of the
body.
Term
Anatomic
Directions
Meaning
Example
Superior
Toward the head or
above.
The chest is superior to
the pelvis.
Inferior
Toward feet not head.
The stomach is inferior
to the heart.
Caudal
At the rear or tail end.
The abdomen is caudal
to the head.
Cranial
At the head end.
The head is cranial to
the trunk.
Term
Anatomic
Directions
Meaning
Example
Medial
Toward the midline of
the body.
The lungs are medial to
the shoulders.
Lateral
Away from the midline
of the body.
The arms are lateral to
the heart.
Deep
On the inside,
underneath another
structure.
Muscles are deep to the
skin.
Superficial
On the outside.
The external edge of
the kidney is superficial
to its internal structure.
Term
Anatomic
Directions
Meaning
Example
Proximal
Closest to point of
attachment to trunk.
The elbow is proximal
to the hand.
Distal
Furthest from point of
attachment to trunk.
The wrist is distal to the
elbow.
Visceral
Related to internal
organs.
The thoracic and
abdominopelvic
cavities are lined with
thin serous membranes
Parietal
Related to the body
walls.
which are composed of
two layers: visceral
(lines the internal
organs) and parietal
(lines the inside body
wall)
Regional
Anatomy
Regional Name
Regional
Anatomy
Description
Abdominal
Region inferior to the thorax (chest) and superior to the
hip bones.
Antebrachial
Forearm (the portion of the upper limb between the
elbow and wrist.
Axillary
Armpit.
Brachial
Arm (the portion of the upper limb between the shoulder
and the elbow).
Buccal
Cheek.
Calcaneal
Heel of the foot.
Carpal
Wrist.
Regional Name
Regional
Anatomy
Description
Cephalic
Head.
Coxal
Hip.
Cranial
Head.
Crural
Leg.
Deltoid
Shoulder.
Digital
Fingers or toes.
Dorsal
Back.
Regional Name
Regional
Anatomy
Description
Facial
Face.
Femoral
Thigh.
Frontal
Forehead.
Gluteal
Buttock.
Hallux
Great toe.
Ingunial
Groin.
Lumbar
Loin.
Regional Name
Regional
Anatomy
Description
Mammary
Breast.
Nasal
Nose.
Occipital
Posterior base of the head.
Olecranial
Posterior to the elbow.
Oral
Mouth.
Orbital
Eye.
Palmer
Palm of the hand.
Regional Name
Regional
Anatomy
Description
Patellar
Kneecap
Pelvic
Pelvis.
Perineal
Region between the anus and the external reproductive
organs.
Pes
Foot.
Plantar
Sole of the foot.
Pollex
Thumb.
Popliteal
Area posterior to knee.
Regional Name
Regional
Anatomy
Description
Pubic
Anterior region of the pelvis.
Sacral
Posterior region of between the hip bones.
Scapular
Shoulder blade.
Sternal
Middle of the thorax, anteriorly.
Sural
Calf.
Tarsal
Ankle.
Thoracic
Chest or thorax.
Umbilical
Navel.
Vertebral
Spinal column.
 Anatomic Position
 Decubitus/Recumbent Position
 Left/Right Lateral Recumbent
 Supine
Anatomical
Positions
 Prone
 Fowler Position
 Knee-chest Position
 Lithotomy Position
 Sims position
 Trendelenburg Position
 Decubitus/Recumbent
Position
Means “lying down”
Anatomical
Positions
 Dorsal Recumbent (or
decubitus)
Means lying down on back
 Left/Right Lateral Recumbent
Means lying down on left or
right side
 Left = recovery position
Supine
 Means face up
Anatomic
Positions
Prone
 Means face down
Anatomical
Positions
 High Fowler’s Position
 Patient is sitting upright as far as the bed can go
 Between 60-90 degree angle
 Fowler Position
 Patient is sitting supine at 45-60 degree angle
Anatomical
Positions
 Semi-Fowler’s Position
 30-45 degree angle
 Knee-Chest Position
 A prone position in which the individual rests on the knees and
upper part of the chest.
Anatomical
Positions
 Lithotomy Position
 A supine position of the body with the legs separated and flexed
Anatomical
Positions
 Sims Position
 It is performed by having a patient lie on their left side, left hip and
lower extremity straight, and right hip and knee bent.
 Interchangeable with lateral recumbent.
Anatomical
Positions
• Trendelenberg Position
• Patient lies face upward on a tilted table or bed with
the pelvis higher than the head.
Anatomical
Positions