Transcript Muscle Review - Elizabeth School District C-1

Chapters 9 & 10
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Description: covers forehead and dome of
skull – no boney attachments
Origin: galea aponeurotica
Insertion: skin of the eyebrows, root of nose
Action: raises eyebrows wrinkles forehead
skin horizontally
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Description: overlies posterior occiput; be
pulling on the galea, fixes origin of frontalis
Origin: occipital and temporal bones
Insertion: galea aponeurotica
Action: fixes aponeurosis and pulls scalp
posteriorly
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Description: fan-shaped muscle that covers
part of the temporal, frontal and parietal
bones
Origin: temporal fossa
Insertion: coronoid process of mandible via
tendon
Action: Closes jaw, elevates and retract
mandible, maintains jaw position at rest
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Description: thin, tripartite sphincter muscle
of eyelid, surround rim of orbit
Origin: frontal and maxillary bones and
ligaments around orbit
Insertion: tissue of eyelid
Action: protects eye from intense light and
injury, blinking, squinting, draws eyebrows
inferiorly
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Description: Powerful muscle that covers
lateral aspect of mandibular ramus
Origin: zygomatic arch and maxilla
Insertion: angle of ramus of mandible
Action: prime mover of jaw closers: elevates
mandible
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Description: muscle pair extending diagonally
from cheekbone to corner of mouth
Origin: zygomatic bone
Insertion: skin and muscle at corner of mouth
Action: raises lateral corners of mouth
upward (smiling muscle)
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Description: Complicated multilayered muscle
of the lips with fibers that run in many
different directions (most run circularly)
Origin: indirectly from maxilla and mandible,
fibers blend with fibers of other facial
muscles
Insertion: encircles mouth
Action: closes lips, purses and protrudes lips
(kissing and whistling muscle)
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Description: Unpaired, thin sheet-like
superficial neck muscle, plays a role in facial
expression
Origin: fascia of chest (over pectoral and
deltoid)
Insertion: lower margin of mandible and skin
at corner of mouth
Action: downward sag of mouth, tenses skin
of neck for shaving
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Description: most medial muscle of the neck:
thin, superficial except inferiorly, where cover
by the sternocleidomastoid
Origin: manubrium and medial end of clavicle
Insertion: lower margin of hyoid bone
Action: depresses larynx and hyoid bone if
mandible is fixed may also flex skull
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Description: two-headed muscle loacted deep
to the platysma on anterolateral surface of
neck
Origin: manubrium and medial portion of
clavicle
Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone
Action: primer mover of head flexion; actin g
alone can rotate head toward shoulder on
opposite side, tilts head laterally
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Description: Flat, thin muscle directly beneath
and obscured by pectoralis major
Origin: anterior surface of ribs 3-5 or (2-4)
Insertion: coracoid process of scapula
Action: With ribs fixed, draws scapula forward
and downward, with scapula fixed draws rib
cage superiorly
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Description: large, fan-shaped muscle
covering upper portion of chest, divided into
clavicular and sternal parts
Origin: sternal end of clavicle, cartilage of
ribs 1-6 (or 7) and aponeurosis of external
oblique
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: prime mover of arm flexion, rotates
arm medially, assist in climbing, throwing,
pushing and forced inspiration
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Description: fan-shaped muscle; lies deep to
the scapula, beneath and inferior to pectoral
muscles on lateral rib cage
Origin: ribs 1-8 (or 9)
Insertion: entire anterior surface of vertebral
border of scapula
Action: prime mover to protract and hold
scapula against chest wall; abduction and
raising arm, pushing punching (boxer’s
muscle)
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Description: partially covered by deltoid and
trapezius, named for its scapular location:
rotator cuff muscle
Origin: infraspinatus fossa of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
posterior to supraspinatus
Action: helps to hold the head of humerus in
the glenoid cavity, stabilizing the joint,rotates
humerus laterally
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Description: Thick, rounded muscle located
inferior to teres minor
Origin: postrior surface of scapula at inferior
angle
Insertion: intertubercular sulcus of humerus;
insertion tendon is fused with latisimus dorsi
Action: posteromedially extends, medially
rotates and adducts humerus; synergist of
lats
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Description: two rectangular muscles lying
deep to the trapezius and inferior to levator
scapulae
Origin: spinous processes of C7 and T5
Insertion: medial border of scapula
Action: retract scapula “squaring the
shoulders” rotate glenoid cavity of scapula
downward (paddling a canoe) stabilizing
shoulder
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Description: broad, flat, triangular muscle of
low back
Origin: indirect attachment via lumbodorsal
fascia into spines of lower 6 thoracic
vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae and lower 3-4
ribs, iliac crest
Insertion: spirals around teres major to insert
in floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Action: primer mover of arm extension, arm
adduction, medially rotates arm at shoulder
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Description: (external)11 pairs lie between
ribs, fibers run obliquely down and forward
from rib to rib (internal)11 pairs, run deep
and to right angles of external fibers
Origins: (external) inferior border of rib above
(internal) superior border of rib below
Insertions: (external) superior border of rib
below, (internal) inferior border of rib above
Actions: (external)aid in inspiration, (internal)
aid in expiration
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Description: medial superficial muscle pair
extend from pubis to rib cage, segmented 3
sections
Origin: pubic crest and symphysis
Insertion: xiphoid process and costal cartilage
Action: flex and rotate lumbar region of
vertebral column used in sit-ups and curls
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Description: largest and most superficial of
three lateral muscles, fibers run downward
and medially
Origin: fleshy strips from outer surface of
lower 8 ribs
Insertion: fibers insert into linea alba, pubic
crest and tubercle, and iliac crest
Action: aid in flexing vertebral column, trunk
rotation and lateral flexion, used in oblique
curls
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Description: most fibers run upward and
medially, fans so some run down and
medially
Origin: lumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inguinal
ligament
Insertion: linea alba, pubic crest, last 3-4 ribs
Action: same as external oblique
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Description: deepest muscle of abdominal
wall, fiber run horizontally
Origin: inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia,
cartilage of last 6 ribs
Insertion: linea alba, pubic crest
Action: compresses abdominal contents
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Description: thick, multi-pennate muscle
forming rounded shoulder muscle mass
Origin: embraces insertion of trapezius;
lateral third of clavicle, acromion and spine of
scapula
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: primer mover of arm abduction
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Description: large fleshy muscle of posterior
compartment of arm, 3 headed origin
Origin: long head: infraglenoid tubercle of
scapula, lateral head: posterior shaft of
humerus, medial head: posterior radial shaft
distal to radial groove
Insertion: common tendon to olecranon
process of ulna
Action: prime mover forearm extensor
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Description: 2 headed fusiform muscle,
bellies unite as approaching insertion
Origin: short head: corocoid process, long
head: tubercle above the lip of glenoid cavity
Insertion: by common tendon to radial
tuberosity
Action: flexes elbow joint and supinates
forearm
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Description: strong muscle that is
immediately deep to biceps on distal
humerus
Origin: front of distal humerus; embraces
insertion of deltoid
Insertion: coronoid process of ulna
Action: major forearm flexor (lifts ulna as
biceps lift radius)
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Description: 2 headed muscle seen in
superficial view between brachioradialis and
flexor carpi radialis
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus,
coronoid process of ulna
Insertion: by common tendon to lateral
radius, midshaft
Action: pronates forearm, weak flexor of
elbow
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Description: superficial muscle of lateral
forearm, extend from distal humerus to distal
forearm
Origin: lateral supercondylar ridge at distal
end of humerus
Insertion: base of styloid process of radius
Action: synergist in forearm flexion
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Description: Parallels brachioradialis on
lateral forearm, and may blend with it
Origin: lateral supercondylar ridge of
humerus
Insertion: base of 2nd metacarpal
Action: extends wrist in conjunction with
extensor carpi ulnaris and abducts wrist in
conjunction with flexor carpi radialis
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Description: runs diagonally across forearm,
midway its fleshy belly is replaced by a flat
tendon
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
Action: powerful flexor of wrist, abducts hand
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Description: most medial of superficial
posterior muscles; long slender muscle
Origin: lateral condyle of humerus and
posterior border of ulna
Insertion: base of 5th metacarpal
Action: Extends wrist in conjunction with the
extensor carpi radialis and adducts wrist in
conjunctions with flexor carpi ulnaris
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Description: small fleshy muscle with a long
insertion tendon
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: palmar aponeurosis; skin and fascia
of palm
Action: weak wrist flexor; tenses skin and
fascia of palm during hand movement
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Description: lies medial to extensor carpi
radialis brevis; a detached portion of this
muscle, called extensor digiti minimi,
extends the little finger
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: by four tendons into distal
phalanges 2-5
Action: prime mover of finger extension;
extends wrist, can abduct (flare) fingers
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Description: is a composite of two closely
related muscles
Iliacus: large fan-shaped muscle (more
lateral) origin: iliac fossa, crest, lateral
sacrum
Psoas major: longer thicker more medial
muscle (tenderlion) origin: transverse
process, disks, bodies of L1-5 and T12
Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur
Action: prime mover of flexing thigh and
trunk (bowing)
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Description: Short, flat muscle; overlies
adductor brevis on proximal thigh
Origin: pectineal line of pubis
Insertion: inferior from lesser trochanter to
linea aspera of posterior femur
Action: adducts, flexes, and medially rotates
thigh
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Description: enclosed between fascia layers of
anterolateral aspect of thigh, associated with
medial rotators and flexors of thigh
Origin: anterior aspect of iliac crest and
anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: iliotibial tract
Action: flexes and abducts thigh, rotates
thigh medially; steadies the knee and trunk
on thigh by tensing iliotibial tract
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Description: Strap-like, superficial muscle
running obliquely across anterior surface of
thigh to knee, longest muscle in the body;
crosses both hip and knee
Origin: anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: winds around medial aspect of
knee into medial aspect of tibia
Action: flexes, abducts and laterally rotates
thigh, weak flexor of knee, “tailors muscle”
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Description: overlies middle aspect of
adductor magnus, most anterior of adductor
muscles
Origin: pubis, near pubic symphysis
Insertion: linea aspera
Action: adducts, flexes and medially rotates
thigh
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Description: long, thin, superficial muscle of
medial thigh
Origin: inferior ramus and body of pubis and
ischial ramus
Insertion: medial surface of tibia, just inferior
to its medial condyle
Action: adducts thigh, flexes and medially
rotates thigh, especially during walking,
flexes knee
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Description: superficial muscle of anterior
thigh, runs straight down thigh, longest head
and only muscle of group to cross the hip
Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine and
superior margin of acetabulum
Insertion: patela and tibial tuberosity via the
patellar ligament
Action: extends knee and flexes thigh at hip
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Description: largest head of the group, forms
lateral aspect of thigh, common
intramuscular injection site
Origin: greater trochanter, linea aspera
Insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity
Action: extends and stabilizes knee
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Description: forms inferomedial aspect of
thigh
Origin: linea aspera, intertrochanteric line
Insertion: Patella, and tibial tuburosity
Action: extends knee; inferior fibers stabilize
patella
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Description: The iliotibial tract, also known as the
iliotibial band, is a thick strip of connective tissue
connecting several muscles in the lateral thigh.
Origin: arises at its proximal end from the
tendons of the tensor fasciae latae and gluteus
maximus muscles.
Insertion: inserting on the lateral epicondyle of
the tibia
Action: It also allows the tensor fascia latae and
gluteus maximus muscles to support the
extension of the knee while standing, walking,
running and biking.
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Description: thick muscle largely covered by
gluteus maximus, site for intramuscular
injection
Origin: between anterior and posterior gleteal
lines on lateral surface of ilium
Insertion: lateral aspect of greater trochanter
Action: abduct and medially rotates thigh,
steadies pelvis, its action is extremely
important in walking
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Description: largest and most superficial
muscle, forms bulk of buttock mass
Origin: dorsal ilium, sacrum, coccyx
Insertion: gluteal tuberosity of femur,
iliotibial tract
Action: major extensor of thigh, complex,
powerful, and most effective when thigh is
flexed and force is necessary
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Description: a triangular muscle with broad
insertion, is a composite muscle that is part
adductor and part hamstring in action
Origin: ischial and pubic rami and ischial
tuberosity
Insertion: linea aspera and adductor tubercle
of femur
Action: anterior part adducts and medially
rotates thigh, posterior part is synergist to
hamstrings in thigh extension
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Description: most lateral muscle of group,
arises from two heads
Origin: ischial tuberosity, linea aspera, and
distal femur
Insertion: head of fibula and lateral condyle
of tibia
Action: Extends thigh and flexes knee,
laterally rotates leg, especially when knee is
flexed
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Description: lies medial to bicep femoris, it is
quite fleshy, long slender tendon begins
about 2/3 of way down thigh
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial aspect of upper tibial shaft
Action: Extends thigh at hip, flexes knee, with
semimembranosus, medially rotates leg
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Description: Deep to the semitendinosis
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial condyle of tibia, via oblique
popliteal ligament to lateral condyle of femur
Action: extends thigh and flexes knee;
medially rotates leg
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Description: superficial muscle of pair, two
prominent bellies that form proximal curve of
calf
Origin: by two heads from medial and lateral
condyles of femur
Insertion: posterior calcaneus via calcaneal
tendon
Action: plantar flexes foot when knee is
extended, It crosses the knee so it can flex
the knee when foot is dorsiflexed
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Description: broad, flat muscle, deep to the
gastrocnemius on posterior surface of calf
Origin: extensive origin from superior tibia,
fibula, and interosseous membrane
Insertion: posterior calcaneus via calcaneal
tendon
Action: plantar flexes foot; important
locomotor and postural muscle during
walking, running and dancing
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Description: superficial lateral muscle;
overlies fibula
Origin: upper portion of lateral fibula
Insertion: by long tendon that curves under
foot to first metatarsal and medial cuneiform
Action: plantar flexes and everts foot; may
help keep foot flat on ground
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Description: the tendon from the
gastrocnemius muscle
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Description: unipennate muscle on
anterolateral surface of leg; lateral to tibialis
anterior
Origin: lateral condyle of tibia, proximal ¾ of
fibula, interosseous membrane
Insertion: middle and distal phalanges of toes
2-5
Action: prime mover of toe extension ( acts
mainly at metatarsophalangeal joints),
dorsiflexes foot
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Description: superficial muscle of anterior
leg; laterally parallels sharp anterior margin
of tibia
Origin: lateral condyle of upper 2/3 of tibial
shaft; interosseous membrane
Insertion: inferior surface of medial cuneiform
and first metatarsal
Action: prime mover of dorsiflexion; inverts
foot, assists in supporting medial longitudinal
arch