Transcript 鼻的解剖和生理学

Rhinology
Nasal dissection
and physiology
dissection
鼻（Nose)
 External nose
 Nasal cavity
 Nasal sinuses
Dissection —external nose
Shape of external nose：
pyramid
 Nasal root
 Nasal apex
 Nasal bridge
 Nasal dorsum
 Alae nasi
 Basis nasi—
anterior nares，columella
nasi，nasolabial fold
Dissection —external nose
nose stretcher：
bone—prefrontal bone
nasal bone
ascending processes
of the maxillae
palatine process
Pyriform
aperture
nose stretcher ：
cartilage—lateral nasal cartilage
greater alar cartilage
Dissection —external nose
The venous drainage of the
external nose
 These veins mainly drain to
internal carotid vein via
angular vein and facial vein，
but angular vein communicate
to cavernous sinus via the the
ophthalmic veins。
 facial vein ---- no valve。
danger triangle of face
Dissection —nasal cavity

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Nasal vestibule
nasal cavity
Dissection
nasal cavity
nostril、choanae
internal、external、top、
bottom
Nasal cavity
top:
anterior: prefrontal bone
nasal bone
posterior: anterior wall of
sphenoid sinus
intermediate: cribriform plate
bottom:
1.palatine process of maxilla
2.horizontal process of palate
bone
Dissection
medial wall of nasal cavity
 Nasal septum：cartilage of
nasal septum, lamina plate
of ethmoid bone and vomer。
 Nosebleed area：the
branches of arteries
aggregate in intramembrane
of nasal septum ,easy to
bleeding ,so named Little
area.
Lateral wall of nasal cavity
 Three turbinates
dispose like
ladder(superior,
middle,inferior
turbinate)
 superior,middle,
inferior meatus
Lateral wall of nasal cavity
Inferior turbinate and inferior
meatus:
middle turbinate and middle
meatus :
Lamella of middle
turbinate(devide ethmoid
sinus to anterior part and
posterior part)
The gap between the nasal
septum and free margin of
turbinate ,named meatus of
nose
Lateral nasal passage
Frontal sinus drain to anterior
superior part of ethmoidal
infundibulum via nasofrontal
duct , second drainage is
anterior part of ethmoid sinus，
last open is maxillary sinus.
uncinate process，ethmoid bulla，
semilunar hiatus ，ethmoidal
infundibulum
Dissection

Ostiomeatal
complex,OMC：
middle turbinate and
middle meatus ，and
other anatomical
structure, anatomy
basis of Functional
Endoscopic Sinus
Surgery, FESS .
Dissection
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artery：
external carotid artery——
Maxillary Artery——
Inferior part of nasal cavity
internal carotid artery——
ophthalmic artery——anterior
ethmoid artery/posterior
ethmoid artery——superior
part of nasal cavity
Dissection—SINUSES
 Nasal sinuses
anterior sinuses
apertures
maxillary sinus
middle meatus
anterior ethmoid sinus middle meatus
frontal sinus
middle meatus
posterior sinuses
posterior ethmoid sinus
Sphenoid sinus recessus
apertures
superiormeatus
sphenoethmoidalis
DISSECTION
maxillary sinus
anterior wall—canine fossa
posterior side wall—near internal
pterygoid muscle
superior wall—orbital plate
foot wall—alveolar process
（odontogenic
maxillary sinusitis）
medial wall—hard to drain
because of high
aperture

frontal sinus

ethmoid sinus

sphenoid sinus

Nasal cavity and sinuses
dissection and
examination
Nose –skull homologic anatomy
anterior cranial fossa: hanging wall of nasal
cavity midpiece，posterior wall of frontal sinus,
hanging wall of ethmoid sinus
 middle cranial fossa： hanging wall/ lateral wall
of sphenoid sinus
（pituitary gland、cavernous sinus、 internal
carotid artery ）

Nose –oral homologic anatomy

posterior side wall of maxillary sinus ：internal
pterygoid muscle
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Footwall of maxillary sinus ：second bicuspid and

first molar、second molar
Foot wall of nasal cavity：pars palatalis
Nasal physiology
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Nasal cavity physiology
respiratory function—laminar flow AND turbulent flow
—nasal airway resistance AND nasal cycle
Protection function—cleaning and filtration，warming
and moisturizing
olfactory function
resonant function
Nasal physiology

Nasal sinuses physiology
resonant function ，lighten weight and keep
head balance