Transcript Body Planes, Directions, and Cavities

Week 4 Overview
Review homework-oral practice
Getting ready for the test using pages
25-32 in syllabus
Chapter 4- pages 40-64-lectureoutline in syllabus pages 33-36
Abbreviation set 4
Medical Language Lab
Homework
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Pages 25-32- from the syllabus to help
study for next week’s testQuestions?
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Week #4 Body Structure
The Body as a Whole
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Anatomy
The study of body structure
Physiology
The study of body function
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The body has levels of organization
 Cell(s) - Cyt/o – (cytology)
 the basic structural units of life
 Tissue(s) - Hist/o – (histology)
 a group of specialized cells that join to perform specific
functions
 Organ(s)
 two or more tissue types
 System(s)
 a group of organs and tissues that are organized to
perform a function
 Organism(s)
 The 10-11 systems that together make up the human
organism capable of independent existence
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The Disease Process
Pathological (morbid) condition that presents a group of signs,
symptoms and clinical findings that
disrupt homeostasis in the body
 Pathology - the study of disease
 Pathogenesis - the origin or development of a
disease
 Etiology - the study of
the cause of the disease
 Idiopathic - unknown
origin
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 Diagnosis - Dx - putting a picture
together about the patient
– Signs and Symptoms (S&Sx)
Sign is something that can be seen, heard,
smelled, or felt- objective information
Symptom is something the patient complains
about- subjective information
 R/O - rule out a diagnosis or
diagnoses
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Prognosis - the outcome of a disease
 Good prognosis – Strepthroat
 Poor prognosis – AIDS
acquired immune deficiency
syndrome
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Treatment - Tx - Treatment of a
disease
Medical - Medication
• Cure/Palliative
Surgical
• Cure/Palliative
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ANATOMICAL
POSITION
`
Standing erect with face,
palms, and feet forward
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Body Planes
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Midsagittal or Median:
Anatomical Division
Divides the body into
right and left sides
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Transverse or Horizontal Plane:
Anatomical Division
Divides the body into a
Superior- top and
Inferior- bottom half
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Coronal or Frontal Plane:
Anatomical Division
Divides the body into
Anterior-Front and
Posterior- back
sections.
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Next we will look at the (spine) vertebrae:
The medical terms for the spine are
Vertebr/o
Spondyl/o
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Cervical-7- C1-C-7located in the neck
Thoracic-12- T1-T12located in the upper back
Lumbar- 5- L1-L5located in the lower back
Sacral- which is 5 fused
vertebrae
Coccyx- which is up to 4
tiny fused bones
The Human Vertebrae
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The first cervical vertebrae located
in the neck is called the atlas
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The second cervical vertebrae is called
the Axis
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Body Cavities:
Spaces within the body which contain vital organs-
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Dorsal (Back side)
1. Cranial Cavity = contains the brain
2. Spinal Cavity = contains the spinal
cord
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Ventral (belly side)
1. Thoracic Cavity = located in the
chest, contains the heart, lungs, and the
large blood vessels
NOTE: The diaphragm separates the
thoracic and abdominopelvic
cavities
2. Abdominopelvic =located under
the diaphragm extending to the
symphysis pubis
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Abdominopelvic Cavity
This large cavity contains organs of digestion, reproduction
and urinary systems. It also contains the spleen which is part
of the immune system.
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1.
2.
3.
4.
Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
Abdominopelvic: Quadrants
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Quadrants and the organs they
contain




RUQRLQLUQLLQ-
Liver, Gallbladder
Appendix, Female Reproduction
Stomach, Pancreas, Spleen
Sigmoid Colon, Female Reproduction
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Medical Terms





Anterior - front side
Superficial - closer to the surface
Internal - deep
Abduction - movement away from the midline
Adduction - movement towards the midline
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



Medial - Middle
Lateral - Side
Superior - Towards the head - upper
Inferior - Towards the feet - lower
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Prone - face down
Supine - face up
Proximal - close to the point of
reference or attachment
Distal - away from the point of
reference or attachment
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Sign (S) - something you can use
your senses to diagnose the patient
Symptom - (Sx) - something the
patient complains of
Dx - diagnosis
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





Posterior - back
Parietal - outer lining
Visceral - inner lining, internal organ
Inversion - turning inward
Eversion - turning outward
Diaphragm- muscle that separates the
thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic
cavity
 MRI - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
 CT Scan - Computed Tomography Scan
 X-ray - Radiological study
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RUQ - Right upper quadrant
LUQ - Left upper quadrant
RLQ - Right lower quadrant
LLQ - Left lower quadrant
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Sono - sonogram
Lat - lateral
ROM - range of motion
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Positions in Bed
Fowler’s - sitting upright
Lateral recumbent- comfort with
pillows
Fowler’s
semi-Fowler’s
high-Fowler’s
Sims - lying on the left side
Lithotomy- Childbirth
Trendelenberg - Shock position
the head is down and legs up
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Body Structure Review Worksheet
1. Spinal, cranial, thoracic, abdominopelvic
RUQ
RLQ
LUQ
LLQ
2. RUQ- liver and gall bladder
RLQ- appendix and female reproduction
LUQ- stomach, pancreas and spleen
LLQ- sigmoid colon and female reproduction
3. Body Planes- Midsagittal- Right and Left sides
Coronal/Frontal- Anterior and Posterior
Transverse/Horizontal- Superior and Inferior
4. Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx
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Abbreviation Set #4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
AP- anterior/posterior
CA- cancer
cm- centimeter
cc- cubic centimeter
DC- discontinue
/d- per day
DOA- dead on arrival
DOB- date of birth
h, hr.- hour
qam- every morning
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11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
wt.- weight
CXR- chest x-ray
Bx- biopsy
H&P- history and physical
Kg- kilogram
GU- genitourinary
GI- gastrointestinal
MS- musculoskeletal
CV- cardiovascular
ht.- height
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Homework
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Study for suffix/prefix test using syllabus pgs. 25-32
Complete pgs. 39-42 (syllabus), body structure
puzzle (handout)
Complete pgs. 65-76 (book)
Term Plus Body Structure-Tag the Elements (TE),
Medical Vocabulary (MV)
www.fadavis.com study questions for chapter 4
Read pages 78--103 (book)
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