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Presentation at IAREP/SABE, Rome 2008
A Neuroeconomic Model
Torben Larsen
Center for Applied Health Research
SOUTHERN DANISH UNIVERSITY
[email protected]
Neurocybernetic Framework
PhyloTriune Brain Working Br.
genesis (McLean 1972) (Luria 1973)
L4
Neurocybernetics
Neocortex
Power of
Executive
Concentration Integrator
Perception & Cognition
Server
Memory
L2
Mammalian
Complex
L1
Reptile
complex
Reticular
Ascending
Activation
System
L3
Torben Larsen: NE-model
<[email protected]>
Emotional
Server
Instinctual
Client
2
Limbic system (L2) and Neocortex (L3-4)
L2
L3
L4
L1
L2: Papez circuit = Hippocampus * Hypothalamus * Thalamus * Cingulate
3
Neurocybernetic key trials since 2000
L2/L: Eggers AE (2007): Redrawing Papez' circuit: a theory about how acute stress becomes chronic and
causes disease. Med Hypotheses, 69(4):852-7.
Kumaran D, Maguire EA. (2007): Match–mismatch processes underlie human Hippocampal responses to associative
novelty. Journal of Neuroscience, 27(32):8517– 8524.
Mohanty A, Engels AS et al (2007): Differential engagement of anterior cingulate cortex subdivisions for cognitive and
emotional function. Psychophysiology, 44: 343-351.
Naqvi N, Rudrauf D et al (2007): Damage to the Insula disrupts addiction to cigarette smoking. Sci, 315(5811):531-34
* Singer T (2006): The neuronal basis and ontogeny of empathy and mind reading: Review … Neurosci Beh Rev, 30, 855-63.
Takahashi T, Ikeda K et al (2004): Social stress-induced cortisol elevation acutely impairs social memory in humans.
Neuroscience Letters, 363:125-30.
L3/R:Hein G, Knight RT (2008): Superior Temporal Sulcus-It's My Area: Or Is It? J Cogn Neurosci. May 5.Epub ahead of print.
L3/I: Cantlon J, Brannon E et al (2006). Func. imaging of numerical process in adults and 4-y-old children. PLoS Biol, 4 (5).
Kounios J, Frymiare JL et al (2006): The prepared mind. Neural activity prior to problem presentation predicts subsequent
solution by sudden insight. Psychological Science, 17(10).
*L4/U:Bechara A, Damasio H&AR (2000): Emotion, decision-making and the orbitofrontal cortex. Cereb Cort, 10:295-307
Beer JS, Knight RT, D’Esposito M (2007): Controlling the integration of emotion and cognition. Psych Sci, 17(5):448-53.
L4/A: Robertson EM, Tormos JM et al (2007): The Role of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex during Sequence Learning is
Specific for Spatial Information. Cerebral Cortex, 11:628–35.
META-functions:
Cory GA and Gardner R Jr (2002): The evolutionary neuroethology of Paul McLean. Convergences and frontiers. Praeger
Publishers, USA.
RIA: Baddeley AD, Wilson BA (2002): Prose recall and amnesia: implic. for the structure of VM. Neuropsych, 40:1737-1743.
LU: Muzur A, Pace-Schott EF et al (2002): Review. The prefrontal cortex in sleep. TRENDS in Cogn Sci, 6(11).
*CONC:Schultz W (2006): Behavioral theories and the neurophysiology of reward. Annual Review of Psychology, 57:87-115.
*
Oya H, Adolphs R, Kawasaki H et al (2005): Electrophysiological correlates of reward prediction error recorded in the
human prefrontal cortex. PNAS, 102(23):8351-8356.
*
Sanfey AG, Rilling JK (2003): The neural basis of economic decision-making in the ultimatum game. Sci,030:1755-58.
*
Takahashi T, Oono H et al (2007): Comparison of probabilistic models in humans. Behav Brain Functions, 3(20).
Yeung N, A. G. Sanfey (2004): Independent coding of reward magnitude and valence in the human brain.
Journal of Neuroscience, 24(28):6258-64.
*
Sanfey AG (2007): Social decision-making: insights from game theory and neuroscience. Sci, 318:598-602.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Neuroeconomic Applications ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HRM: Larsen T, Olsen TS, Sorensen J (2006): Early home-supported discharge: a health technology assessment.
International Journ of Technology Assessm in Healthcare, 22(3):313-320. -> www.integratedhomecare.eu
HRD: Arias AJ, Steinberg K etal (2006): Systematic review of the efficacy of meditation techniques as treatments
for medical illness. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 12(8): 817–832.
4
List of neurocybernetic variables
L
Init.
Function
Location (L1-4)
Indicator
L1
RAS
Am
VT
Reticular activation system
Amygdala fear centre
Root of reward circuit
Brain Stem
Basal ganglia / Striatum
Ventral Tegmentum/ Striatum
Electroderm SR
BOLD
BOLD
M*
H*
Pc*
Is
D
L
Episodic memory
Homeostasis centre
Primary consciousness ctr.
Reward expectancy server
Mesolimbic dopamine circuit
Limbic (emotion) system
Hippocampus
Hypothalamus/Thalamus
Anterior cingulate cortex
Insula
Diencephalon+Forebrain
All specified centres at L2
L/R BOLD
α-waves (EEG)
BOLD
BOLD
1/Cortisol
Is/Am BOLD
L3
VAC
R
I
Visual association centre
Semantic recollection
Intraparietal sketchpad
Occipital lobe
Superior temporal sulcus
Intraparietal sulcus
BOLD
BOLD
BOLD
L4
A
U
CONC
Sequential analysis ctr.
Utility ranking centre
Power of concentration
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)
Ventromedial prefront. cortex
Lateral BOLD
BOLD
Prediction error
L2
Note: * – Centres in Papez circuit (1937)
5
Neuroeconomic
I
Model (NeM):
A
L
CONC:=Min[LU-RIA]
CONC
Emotions
U
Associations
RAS
Mismatch
R
Decision making as
minimiz. prediction error
Schultz 2006
LU dominates during
dreaming
Muzur et al 2002
RIA dominates during
sequential memory
processing
Robertson et al 2001
RAS=Reticular (Reptile) ascending activation system (Client);
L=Limbic (Mammallian) system; U=Utility centre in Orbitofrontal Cortex;
A=Logic in dorsolateral PFC; I=Intraparietal Mathematical schetchpad;
R=Linguistic recollection in Superior Temporal Sulcus;
Bulb: Visual Association Centre in Parietal Cortex;
Meta-functions:
LU: Emotional Intelligence and RIA: Logo-Mathematico Intelligence
serving CONC (Power of Concentration in ventromedial PFC)
The Ultimatum Game as
prototype of economic
man activates both LU
and RIASanfey et al 2003
→Decision-making
as
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whole-brain proces!!!
NeM-application 0:
General Behavioural Model
Hierarchy of needs:
Maslow, 1969
From simple to composite rationality
Neocortex (L3-4)
RAS (L1)
Limbic system
(L2)
7
NeM-application 1:
Human Relations Management (HRM)
• Integrated Home Care (IHC) across
settings as associated with reduced
blood pressure compared to hospital
rehabilitation, only, is a dominant
intervention to chronic conditions as
stroke, heart failure and COPD
→IHC might be characterized as the
Hawthorne-effect in health care
8
NeM-application 2:
Integrative Human Ressource
Development (IHRD)
Objective
Indicator
Method
Empathy
(L2)
Capacity of
association in
dialogue
Meditation,
Yoga, arts and
social activity
Pragmatism
(L3)
Capacity in
mathematical
statistics
Capacity to
stabilize
stressors
EDU in simple
and complex
positivism
Fitness by
exercize
Endurance
(L4)
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Conclusion
• Neuroeconomic
applications:
– Marketing analysis
– Work group management
– Integrative Human
Ressource Development
Objective
Indicator
Method
Empathy
(L2)
Capacity of
association in
dialogue
Meditation,
Yoga, arts and
social activity
Pragmatism
(L3)
Capacity in
mathematical
statistics
EDU in simple
and complex
positivism
Endurance
(L4)
Capacity to
stabilize
stressors
Fitness by
exercize
→Neuroeconomics should
be part of economic
education
10