Transcript Notes: Thoracic cage and vertebrae

Skeletal SystemAxialVertebrae
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
A Typical Vertebrae, Superior View
Not all vertebrae look
alike, but they do
share certain
structures:
1. Body: weight
bearing portion,
faces anteriorly
2. Vertebral arch:
composed of
lamina and
pedicle
Figure 5.17
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
A Typical Vertebrae, Superior View
3. Vertebral
foramen: canal in
which the spinal
cord passes
4. Transverse
process: lateral
extensions (2)
5. Spinous process:
single projection
pointing posterior
6. Articulate
processes: site of
vertebral joints
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 5.17
Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae
Cervical Vertebrae (7)
Atlas: First vertebra
(no body)
Allows “yes” nod, by
holding the occipital
condyles (see green arrow)
Axis: 2nd vertebra
(small body)
Allows “no” pivot
where the dens
articulates to the atlas
Figure 5.18a
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae
Looking for ideas on
remembering
thoracic?
Foramen for the
carotid artery
90 degree forms an
“L”
Figure 5.18b
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Sacrum and Coccyx
 Sacrum
 Formed by the fusion
vertebrae
 Forms posterior wall of
pelvis
 Articulates to the hip
 Coccyx
 Formed from the fusion of
vertebrae
 “Tailbone”
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Bony Thorax (AKA: Thoracic Cage)
 Forms a cage to protect major thoracic organs
 Consists of three parts
 Sternum
 Ribs
 Thoracic vertebrae
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Boney Thorax (AKA: Thoracic Cage)
Sternum: (composed of 3 bones)
• manubrium
• Body
• xiphoid process
Figure 5.20a
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Boney Thorax (AKA: Thoracic Cage)
Ribs:
12 pairs
1st seven “true” ribs,
attach to sternum
8-10 “false” ribs
indirectly attached to
sternum or not attached
11-12 AKA floating ribs
Figure 5.20a
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings