Chapter 7 Body Systems
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Transcript Chapter 7 Body Systems
Chapter 8
Skeletal System
Slide
1
Introduction
Bones
Number of bones
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2
Divisions of Skeleton
Axial skeleton
Appendicular skeleton
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3
Skeletal Structure
terminology
P. 214 in book (table 8-2)
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4
Skull bones overview
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5
Axial Skeleton
Skull
Cranial bones (external)
Frontal bone
Parietal bones
Occipital bone
Temporal bones
Sphenoid bone
Ethmoid bone
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6
Cranial bones
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7
Facial Bones
Maxilla
Palatine bone
Zygomatic bone
Lacrimal bone
Nasal bone
Vomer bone
Inferior nasal conchae
Mandible
Hyoid bone
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8
Fetal Skull
Fetal skull
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9
Directional terms
Superior
Inferior
Anterior (ventral)
Posterior (dorsal)
Medial
Lateral
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10
Vertebral Column
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11
Vertebral column
Made of vertebrae stacked on top of
each other
Segments of the vertebral column:
Cervical vertebrae, 7
Thoracic vertebrae, 12
Lumbar vertebrae, 5
Sacrum - fused
Coccyx - fused
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12
The Thoracic Cage
Consists of:
ribs
sternum
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13
Sternum
Parts :
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process
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14
The shoulder girdle
Clavicles - s shaped bone
Scapulae - flat/triangular
Divided by Spine
Acromion process - articulates with clavicle
Coracoid process - attachment point for
mucles
Glenoid cavity - articulates with head
of humerus
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15
Upper Limb
Humerus
Upper arm/ from scapula to elbow
Radius
Thumb side
Radius pivots with humerus
Ulna - longer of two lower arm bones
Articulates with humerus
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The hand
Carpal bones - 8
Metacarpal bones5
Phalanges - made of 3 phalanx
Proxmial phalanx
Middle phalanx
Distal phalanx
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17
Lower extremity
Consists of the bones of hip, thigh,
lower leg, ankle, and foot
Pelvic girdle
2 coxal bones fused at the acetabulum
Ilium - superior portion, joins sacrum at the
sacroiliac joint
Ischium- L shaped, supports weight during sitting
Pubis - anterior/articulates at symphysis pubis
Large opening - obturator foramen
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18
Skeletal Differences
in Men and Women
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19
Lower Limb (thigh, lower leg,
foot)
Thigh, lower leg and foot
Femur - thighbone
From hip to knee
Longest bone in body
Patella - knee cap (in tendon that
passes over knee)
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20
Lower leg
Tibia - shinbone supports
weight/articulates with femur and
tarsals
Fibula -slender
Lateral to tibia
Does not bear body weight
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21
Foot
Tarsals - ankle - 7 bones
Articulates with tibia and fibula
Calcaneus (heel)
Supports body weight
Metatarsals - instep
5 bones
Arch
Bound by ligament
Phalanges
Each made of 3 phalanges,except big toe
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22
Abnormal Spinal Curvatures
Abnormal curvatures (cont.)
Lordosis
Kyphosis
Scoliosis
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